Chemistry - Transition elements: ligand sub and precipitation reactions

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Metal ion + NaOH (aq) or NH3 (aq)

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1
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Cu2+ + 2OH- → Cu(OH)2

Blue solution to blue precipitate indicating the formation of copper(II) hydroxide.

2
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Fe2+ + 2OH- → Fe(OH)2

Pale green solution (appears colourless) to pale green precipitate indicating the formation of iron(II) hydroxide.

3
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Fe3+ + 3OH- → Fe(OH)3

Yellow solution to rusty-brown precipitate indicating the formation of iron(III) hydroxide.

4
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Mn2+ + 2OH- → Mn(OH)2

Pale pink solution to light brown precipitate indicating the formation of manganese(II) hydroxide.

5
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Cr3+ + 3OH- → Cr(OH)3

Pale green solution to grey-green precipitate indicating the formation of chromium(III) hydroxide.

6
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[Cr(H2O)6]3++ 6OH- →

[Cr(OH)6]3-+ 6H2O

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[Cr(H2O)6]3++ 6NH3 →

[Cr(NH3)6]3++ 6H2O

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[Cu(H2O)6]2++ 4NH3 →

[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2++ 4H2O

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[Cu(H2O)]2++ 4Cl- →

[CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

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