PI FINALS

Rizal Park

this is also known as Luneta (and is previously known as Bagumbayan or New Field). this is where martyrs such as the GomBurZa and Rizal were executed.

Sedition, Rebellion and Treason

Rizal was executed on December 30, 2896 and was charged with these three crimes:

Confradia de San Jose

This was founded by Hermano Pule and Apolinario de la Cruz. This was an organization that aimed to help but was suspected due to its growing memberships.

Bonus

Before he went home from HongKong for his execution, Rizal already knew that he would die early. Thus, the four years added to his life might have just been a ____.

Rizal was declared as the honorary president of the Katipunan.

Rizal was one of the passwords along with GomBurZa and Anak ng Bayan.

Some members of Katipunan were caught in Rizal’s novel.

Why did the spaniards suspected Rizal as the mastermind of the 1896 Revolution?

Himagsikan/ Paghihimagsik

This is a beautiful term and is worse than galit and poot.

Americans

The heroes who fought against the ____ were muted.

Victor

History is written from the point of view of the ___.

Desaparesidos

They are considered as : nawala nang bigla, dinukot ng mga militar.

Cavite Mutiny

This occurred in Cavite on January 20, 1872 but was unsuccessful because Filipino soldiers were trapped and could not come^.

Secularization Movement

The Cavite Mutineers were inspired by the GomBurZa. Thus, the ____ was implicated by the Spaniards to the Cavite mutinity.

Dr. Camilo Osias

He labeled Rizal as the versatile genius saying that Rizal was also a conchologist since he studied seashells and cartogrspher for the relief map he created.

Miguel de Unamuno

He called Rizal as the Tagalog Christ.

Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church)

This was founded by the Rizsalistas. It is the only church with Philippine flag inside.

Mythical Rizal

Renato Constantino says that two types of Rizal one is the historical and the other one is the more remarkable.

Hagiography

This is the study of the life of saints.

Nietzsche

Rizal as an overmn or Ubermensch.

Vida y escritos del Dr. Jose Rizal (1907)

Wenceslao Emilio Retana

Life, Lineage and Labors of Jose Rizal (1913)

Austin Craig

Biografia de Rizal (1938)

Rafael Palma

The First Filipino

Leon Ma. Guerrero

Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr (1968)

Austin Coates

Ambeth Ocampo

He is the foreost Rizal scholar of his generation. He has the tendency to write so many but compile in single book. He also writes thematically and not chronologically.

Wenceslao Emilio Retana

He was anti-Rizal but wrote the first biography about Rizal. He was also a contemporary of Rizal since he witnessed him alive.

Austin Craig

His agenda was to improve the American reputation by writing Rizal in a he was alive, he would have approved the American rule.

Epistolario Rizalino

The Americans decided to release_____ to compile all his works

Craig

____ work was more appreciated because it can be easily read; Retana’s work was written in Spanish which cannot be understood by Filipinos

Retana

He made Rizal pro-Spanish, Craig made Rizal anti-Spanish (and Craig won).

March 29, 1897

On ____ the Spanish Government General received a report saying Rizal’s dead body has disappeared and he is actually still alive

Rafael Palma | Biografia de Rizal

Who won the Commonwealth government’s sponsored nationwide contest for the best biography of Rizal in 1938. This failed to see printed due to his stance.

Leon Ma. Guerrero

____ chose the middle path para kuha niya both sides.

Pride of the Malay Race

This is the English translation of Rafael Palma’s Biografia de Rizal. This was written by Roman Ozaeta.

Fr. Manuel Garcia

In 1935, ____ found the alleged retraction letter of Rizal 39 years after his death. While the document had Rizal’s handwriting, the signature was forged.

Lolo Jose (1938)

This was written by Asuncion Lopez-Bantug, a grandniece of Rizal and was considered a less controversial work as it depicts the personal correspondences and oral history of Rizal’s family. Its has an insider’s perspective. Thus, Asuncion wasn’t a trained writer.

JRNCC (Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission)

This was a committee created to oversee all activities related to Rizal’s 100th birth anniversary—a major national milestone.

Revolt of the Masses

This was then written by Teodoro A. Agoncillo, a nationalist historian who questioned whether or not Rizal should be the national hero.

Veneration Without Understanding

By Renato Constantino, which was featured in the Third Rizal Lecture in 1969. This essay changed everything, even up to now. The dislike and disdain for Rizal started because of it.

History of the Filipino People

Agoncillo wrote____, with Aguinaldo on the cover and believes that “Ang tunay na bayani, nakalubog sa masa”.

First Filipino (1963)

By Leon Ma. Guerrero, won first in the biography contest sponsored by the Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission (JRNCC) in 1961.

Language

Major problem in Rizal studies is the___.

Escritos de Jose Rizal

Series has 13 volumes (25 books in total). Contains 945 letters, arranged chronologically and divided into 8 volumes.

Makamisa: The Search For Rizal’s Third Novel (1992)

A master thesis by Ambeth Ocampo about the draft of Rizal’s third novel.

Borrador del Noli Me Tangere

While transcribing it, he realized that it was not another version or borrador of Noli Me Tangere.

El Filibusterismo Manuscript

Rizal had to remove around 30% of the content due to lack of funds.

December 30, 1898

Rizal Day was first declared by Emilio Aguinaldo on ____, as a national day of mourning.

The Philippines Within a Century

One of Rizal’s political essays. Spanish title: Filipinas dentro de Cien Años. Rizal foresaw the fall of the Spanish regime and suggested that other foreign countries like the UK, US, or Germany might take over.

Jose Rizal

He also reflects the Filipinos’ ongoing search for a true national identity.

Rizal’s annotations of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

This was vital in creating a sense of national identity.

Memory; Amnesia

We create Rizal in our own image and likeness, shaping him based on what we choose to remember ___ and what we choose to forget ___.

The National Revolution

It is seen as a peak achievement in a nation's history. This was also the was the pinnacle of all events possible with regards to the unity of all people.

Bonifacio as THE National Hero

What does this phrase mean? Almost always the LEADER of that REVOLUTION becomes THE PRINCIPAL HERO of his people

Cost-benefit Analysis

The benefit should be greater than the cost. ⟶ However, he sees that the revolution has cost greater than the benefits.

Frustration-Aggression Theory

There is massive frustration because expectations are not met, leading to aggressive behavior.

Many believed that Rizal was an evolutionist, not a revolutionist.

If Revolutionist: wants sudden change and Evolutionist: wants gradual change, what type of a hero was Rizal?

Civil Gov. Taft

In 1901, ____ suggested that the Philippine Commission to the Filipinos be given a national hero.

Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, Mabini, Del Pilar

Who are the choices for national hero?

Rizal never advocated independence, nor did he advocate armed resistance to the government. He urged reform from within by publicity, by public education, and by appealing to the public conscience.

Why and How was Rizal chosen?

Act No. 137

Organized the district of Morong and named it the province of Rizal (Places).

Act No. 243

Erection of a monument in honor of Rizal at the Luneta.

Act No. 346

Set Rizal’s death anniversary, December 30, as a day of observance.

Products of History

ONE OF THE THREE POINTS: Heroes are ___, and not history as the product of heroes.

Americans

ONE OF THE THREE POINTS: Our admiration and veneration of Rizal was used by the _____ to strengthen our colonial mentality.

Rizal is enough

ONE OF THE THREE POINTSAmericans made us believe that ____, even though he is not.

Food Delivery: Fresh from the West Philippine Sea

Controversial MMFF. The Chinese embassy opposes its film showing due to the portrayal of Chinese coastguards’ harrassments to fisherfolks.

As hero

Rizal was already seen as a ___ even before his execution in December 30, 1896.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Rizal made a statue of ____.

Conscious Hero

Rizal had planned his entire life down to the last detail which made him a ___. He also felt that he was going to die when he would come back to the PH

Sa Aking Mga Kabata

This is believed to be the first poem written by Rizal at the age of eight (8).

Ang hindi marunong magmahal sa sariling wika/masahol pa sa hayop at malansang isda.

This quote was from Jose Rizal’s poem, Sa Aking Mga Kababata.

Paciano

Noli Me Tangere was translated by ___ from Spanish to Tagalog during his exile in Hong Kong.

After the Mass

The single chapter of this third novel written by Rizal was titled Makamisa, meaning____. This was discovered decades later by Ambeth Ocampo initially thought to be the Borrador de Noli Me Tangere

Documentos de la Biblioteca Nacional de FIlipinas

Based on the documents of the National Library of the Philippines in the series _____, Sa Aking Mga Kabata was published in a free Spanish translation rather than in Tagalog.

Historical Skepticism

According to Ambeth Ocampo, the most important characteristic of a historian is to exhibit ___.

El Amor Patrio

____ is the first article written by Rizal in Spanish soil. Also known as Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.

Kalayaan

Rizal initially encountered the term ___ when Del Pilar translated El Amor Patrio in 1882.

Herminigildo Cruz and Gabriel Beato Francisco

Who are the suspected poets who wrote Sa Aking Mga Kabata?

Rizal’s Gate to Heroism

This tackles what it means to be a hero.

Dr. Zeus Salazar

Who said that a hero is someone who has the will to do work for the society without expecting anything in return.

To find meaning in things or event

Historia; to inquire

Kasaysayan; ___

Bayani

This is a person that has the diwa ng bayanihan.

Dr. Esteban De Ocampo

Who said that “a hero means a prominent or central personage taking an admirable part in any remarkable action or event; a person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; and a man honored after death by public worship because of exceptional service to mankind.”

Right person to emulate

Why are standards required in honoring a person as a hero?

1. Avoid the scenario of everybody getting the title hero and it will be free for all

2. Separate heroes from the rest and:

3. Choose the___.

National Historical Committee of the Philippines

Government branch qualified to Choose the Hero ● National Historical Committee.

Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr

Who ordered the National Heroes Commission to create a criteria for the national heroes?

President’s Executive Order No. 75

Under Fidel Ramos, ____ on March 28, 1993 the National Heroes Committee was made. They are tasked to evaluate, study and recommend national heroes

Extent of a Person’s Sacrifices

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: First is the ___ for the welfare of the country.

Motive and Methods Employed

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Second, the ___ in the attainment of the ideal (was his ideal purely for the welfare of the country and without any taint of self-interested motives, most of all the method of attainment should be morally valid).

Moral Character

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: The third is the ____ of the person concerned (the person should not have any immorality issue that affected his ideal).

Influence of the Person

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: The fourth is the____ concerned on his age and or the succeeding age.

Concept of Nation

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Fifth is that heroes are those who have a ____ and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom (they must have desired the country’s freedom in any situation especially when there’s a threat of invasion in any form).

Define and contribute to a system of life of freedom

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Sixth is that heroes are those who ___ and order for a nation (one who helps in the orderliness and betterment of the country).

Quality of life and destiny of a nation.

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Seventh is, heroes are those who contribute to the ____.

People’s Expression

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Eight, a hero is part of the ___ (the citizen must have recognized and acknowledged the person as a hero).

Thinks of the Future

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Ninth, a hero ____, especially the future generations, his concern for the future generations must be seen in his decisions and ideals).

Entire Process

STANDARDS OF BEING A HERO: Lastly, the choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but of the____ that made this particular person a hero.

April to May 1888

What is the timeframe of Rizal’s travel to America?

He witnessed discrimination firsthand and even nearly became a victim of it himself.

Why is it important to know that Rizal went to the U.S.?

Taas Noo Kahit Kanino

What does TaNoKaKa mean?

Kuripot

U.S., tipping is expected. Thus, Rizal was a ___.

Palace Hotel

When Rizal landed in San Francisco, he stayes at the most luxurious hotels in the city called __.