CH 4

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

__ is the study of carbon compounds

Organic Chemistry

Organic compounds range from simple __ to colossal ones

molecules

__ in 1953 he determined that organic molecules may have been synthesized in early earth using chemicals in the atmosphere

Stanley Miller

With four valence electrons, __ can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms

carbon

In molecules with multiple carbons, each carbon bonded to four other atoms has a ___

tetrahedral shape

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms joined to the carbons are in the same plane as the __

carbons

Carbon atoms can partner with atoms other than __

hydrogen

__ are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Isomers

__ have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Structural isomers

__ have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements

Cis-trans isomers (also called geometric isomers)

__ are isomers that are mirror images of each other

Eantiomers

True or false enanitomers are important in the pharmaceutical industry

True

True or False two enantiomers of a drug may have same effects

False two enantiomers of a drug may have different effects

Often only one enantiomer is __

biologically active

Carbon can form __

long chains

adipose cells are __

storing fat

__ are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Hydrocarbons

True or false many organic molecules such as fats, have hydrocarbon components

True

Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release a __ amount of energy

large

Why is carbon versatile?

• It can form bonds with many different elements
•leads to functional groups

•various atoms or clusters of atoms bonded to a carbon backbone

•each function group gives the organic molecule different characteristics ex:acidic, basic

An important organic phosphate is __

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

_ consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups

ATP

ATP stores the potential to react with __. This reaction releases energy that can be used by the cell.

water