PER DEV | ETA Reviewer

Personal Development

holistic development focusing on developing qualities and skills, knowing and maximizing potential, and setting goals to be ready for adulthood

Personality Development

improvement of the uniqueness of a person’s behavior, conduct, and thought process

Self-Concept

• conception of oneself that enables each individual to construct a personal identity

• image one has of themself

Who proposed the aspects of Self-Concept?

William James, Father of Psychology

“I”

doer that experiences presence

“Me”

awareness that the self can be observed by others

Parts of the Self

Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self,

Material Self

my body perceived by me & others and my material possessions

Social Self

“Me” that is presented and recognized by other people

Spiritual Self

entire stream of consciousness and totality of one’s experience

Self-esteem

• overall sense of worthiness and value people place on themselves

• positive perception of self-concept

Factors Affecting Self-esteem

strength, weakness, habits, experience

Strength

skills/activities individual does well

Weakness

challenges & things individual struggles with

Habits

well-learned (sequence of) behaviors that is relatively situation specific

Experience

subjective encounters, observation, and interactions in one’s daily life

Self Reflection

• mental process used to grow understanding of oneself

• helps one respond more effectively and better understand ourselves and others

Self-Disclosure

• intentionally sharing and revealing personal information with someone else

• helps form intimate connections and achieve sense of catharsis

Who proposed the Full Field Theory?

Fr. Adrian Van Kaam, C.S. SP

Fr. Adrian Van Kaam, C.S. SP

• Dutch Catholic priest in congregation of the Holy Spiriti

• College professor & Existentialist Psychologist

• Exploration of the science of spirituality led to writing to series Formative Spirituality

• Founder of Institute of Formative Spirituality

What does the whole formation field represent?

Life in Total

What does the base/pitchers mound represent?

God who holds all things together

What do the four quadrants represent?

how one interacts and reacts to each area of one’s life and ways one gives & receives from what Van Kaam called “formability”.

Formation Field Theology

• nature of humanity and illustrates how deep the self & soul is hidden with Christ in God

• explains union of human constructs

• challenges notion that humans are divided into body and soul

• formation involves entire field

• emergent life form exists in daily surroundings

Divine Forming & Preforming Mystery

• center of field emphasizes limited human idea of god

• each of us is merely a human manifestation of the mystery by whom we have been created

• transhuman epiphany of the mystery represents highest disclosure of the mystery, self-communication of God to us

• Trinity is the center and calls humanity forth into existence

• Formation begins with being preformed in terms of natural ability and genetic make up

What does the Divine Forming & Preforming Mystery suggest?

From conception until end of our life, we are constantly being formed and forming world around us.

What did Van Kaam refer to this human potency (Divine Forming & Preforming Mystery) as?

Form donation and Form reception, which is ongoing and never static

Form Donation

to give

Form Reception

to receive

Intra Formation | Short Description

Interior Life, formation of thoughts, feelings, descriptions

Intra Formation | Long Description

• who we are, how we live, how we interact with the world

• complexity of formative relationship between oneself and god/mystery

• we are called uniquely and communally

Inter Formation | Short Description

Relational Life, relationships define and changes thoughts, feelings and decisions

Inter Formation | Long Description

• complexity of formative relationship between oneself, others, and god/mystery

• we are gifted for the sake of serving the people

Outer Immediate Situational Formation | Short Description

Here & Now Life, life’s context

Outer Immediate Situational Formation | Long Description

• life situations, everyday happenings, cultural backgrounds speaks into one’s formation

• complexity of formative relationship between oneself, one’s sociopolitical situation, and god/mystery

• we are chosen to live in a chain of life situation

Outer Mediated World | Short Description

Our, giving and receiving formation through a wider world

Outer Mediated World | Long Description

• complexity of relationships between oneself, entire world, and god/mystery

• we are sent to re-evangelize the present world

Who proposed the Developmental Task Theory?

Robert Havighurst

Developmental Task

a task that arises as or about a certain time in one’s life

Developmental Task Theory

everyone undergoes a sequential stage fro infancy to old age

Factors Affecting Developmental Tasks

Biological, Social, Psychosocial

Biological

some tasks have biological requirements

Social (Effect on Tasks)

culture & norms affect tasks

Pyschosocial

personality and psyche affect priority

Order of Developmental Task Stages

1. Infancy and Early Childhood

2. Middle Childhood

3. Adolescence

4. Early Adulthood

5. Middle Adulthood

6. Later Maturity

Infancy and Early Childhood | Ages

0-5 yeas old

Infancy and Early Childhood | Tasks

• Walking

• Talk & Pray

• Eating

• Learn Right vs Wrong

• Potty Train

Middle Childhood | Ages

6-12 years old

Middle Childhood | Tasks

• Get along with others

• Build positive self-concept

• conform with society

• develop superego (ethics)

• learn important skills

• achieve independence

Adolescence | Ages

13-18 years

Adolescence | Tasks

• Mature sexually and with relationships

• Emotional Independence

• Prep for career

• Acquire Values & ethics

• Desire and achieve social responsibility

Early Adulthood | Ages

19 - 30 years old

Early Adulthood | Tasks

• Vocation & Career Discernment

• Start Career/Family

• Selecting & Living with Partner

• Assuming civic responsibility

Middle Adulthood | Ages

30-60 years old

Middle Adulthood | Tasks

• Help & Mentor Teens

• Achieve social and civic responsibility

• Satisfactory Career Achievement

• Accepting Physiological Change

• Adjusting to Aging Parents

Later Maturity | Ages

60+ years old

Later Maturity | Tasks

• Adjusting to retirement and decrease in health

• Establish relatives with age group

Cognitive Development

children actively participate in discovery and construct knowledge through their own activity

Assimilation

application of prior knowledge and mental patterns to new situations

Accommodation

modifying the existing knowledge or mental patterns to fit new demands

Order of Stages

1. Sensorimotor Stage

2. Pre-operational Stage

3. Concrete Operational Stage

4. Formal Operational Stage

Sensorimotor Stage | Ages

0-2 years old

Sensorimotor Stage | Definition

learning through senses and applying object permanence

Object Permanence

things exist even if you can’t see it

Pre-operational Stage | Ages

2-7 years old

Pre-operational Stage | Definition

learning through role play to think symbollically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects

Concrete Operational Stage | Ages

7-11 years old

Concrete Operational Stage | Definition

thinking is more logial but still concrete or literal, applies conservation

Conservation

quantity remains despite changes in appearance

Formal Operational Stage | Ages

11+ years old

Formal Operational Stage | Definition

involves increase in logic, deductive reasoning, understanding of abstract ideas as more complex and wider issues are thought about

Who proposed the Psychosocial Development Theory?

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial Development Theory

8 stages of conflict/crises that develop a certain attitude, first attempt to understand social development

Identity vs Role Confusion

5th stage where friends with similar interests can help determine identity while the wrong people can create confusion of one’s identity

Man as Imago Dei

• we are made in the image and likeness of god

• we are rational beings with free will and telos

• we are composite of body of soul

Man as a Social Being

man has self-awareness, free will, and consciousness

Who created the Whole Brain Model?

Ned Hermann

Whole Brain Model

combines Roger Sperry’s Brain Model and Paul Maclean’s Triune Model to show four thinking styles

The Four Thinking Styles

Analytical, Structural, Relational, Experimental

Analytical Thinking | Short Description

Rational Self: relies on logic and facts to make decisions in rational mechanical way

Analytical Thinking | Preferred Activities

• collects data

• analyzes information

• judges situations based on facts

• uses logical reasoning

Structural Thinking | Short Description

Structural Self: highly organized and detailed thinking and relies on procedure and accuracy to complete work

Structural Thinking | Preferred Activities

• Detail oriented work

• problem solving

• organizing

• following decisions

Relational Thinking | Short Description

Feeling self: applies participation and team work and people, feelings are their biggest asset, uses emotions, senses, and spirituality

Relational Thinking | Preferred Activities

• Listening

• Looking for meaningful connections

• works in groups

Experimental Thinking | Short Description

Experimental Self: spontaneous, unstructured, adventurous, takes risks, tries several approaches, relies on intuition

Experimental Thinking | Preferred Activities

• experiments

• looks at big picture

• challenges established procedure

• creative problem solving

• takes initiative

Rational Mode

analytical + structural

Concrete Mode

structural + relational

Intuitive Mode

relational + experiemental

Abstract Mode

experimental + analytical

Mental Health

state of well-being that allows one to cope with stress, realize ability, learn & work well, contribute to communituy

Stress

physiological and psychological response to change

Symptoms of Stress

• anxiety & irritability

• difficulty concentrating

• headache

• body pains

• upset stomach

Eustress

not long and overwhelming stress that happens during pleasant activities, triggers adrenaline, and improves mental health

Distress

overwhelming stress that happens during unpleasant activities, negatively affects problems, and worsens anxiety and mental health

Anxiety

anticipation of future concerns and can affect mental health if it impacts ability to live

Symptoms of Anxiety

• sweating

• nausea

• shaking

• agitation

• heart palpitations

• severe feeling of panic

• shortness of breath

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

excessive worry and tension without reason

Panic Disorder

sudden fear and brings a panic attack