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Adolescence
It is characterized by a teenager's conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and engagement in risky behavior.
Self-awareness
• It empowers you to make personal improvements by building on your areas of strength and ascertaining aspects where you would like to make progress.
• Understanding your own habits, needs, desires etc.
Self-concept
refers to your awareness of yourself.
Ideal Self
is the self that you aspire to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time.
Actual Self
is the one that you actually see. It is built on self-knowledge.
G. Stanley Hall
Father of adolescence
Adolescence Stage
Stage of extreme transformation and growth.
It is a difficult stage because adolescents are exposed to a number of mixed while being expected to fulfill various age-related tasks
Johari Window
A simple and useful tool for understanding and training self-awareness, personal development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, team development and intergroup relationships.
Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham
American psychologist who developed the Johari window in the 1950’s after combining their first names, Joe and Harry.
Open area, open self, free area, free self, or ‘the arena’
what is known by the person about him/herself and is also known by others
Blind area, blind self, or ‘blind spot’
what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know
Hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self, or ‘facade’
what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know
Unknown area or unknown self
what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others
Holistic development
This refers to the ‘process of self–actualization’ and learning that combines an individual’s mental, physical, social, emotional, and spiritual growth.
Physiological Development
These are changes that are happening naturally in one’s physical body. These changes can make an adolescent feel uncomfortable and self-conscious.
Cognitive Development
These are considerable advancements in adolescents’ thinking skills. These changes in problem-solving and thinking abilities happen concurrently with their social, emotional, and moral development.
Psychological Development
Physiological and cognitive developments generate changes in the way adolescents feel and think about themselves, others, and their surroundings.
Social Development
Establishment of good relationships with families as well as a formation of significant relationships with other people and acquaintances.
Spiritual Development
Adolescents start pondering on questions concerning existence, essence, spirituality, religion and God.
Thoughts
The ideas or arrangements of ideas that results from thinking, the act or process of producing thoughts.
Feelings
A state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments or desires.
Behavior
The range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment.
Developmental Stages
are the different periods that individual encounters all throughout his/her life.
Pre-natal
(Conception to birth) Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features both external and internal are developed.
Infancy
(Birth to 2 years) Foundation age when basic behavior are organized and many ontogenetic maturation skills are developed.
Early Childhood
(2 to 6 years old) Pre-gang age, exploratory and questioning. Language and Elementary reasoning are acquired and initialization of social skills are experienced.
Late Childhood
(6 to 12 years old) Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills and play are developed.
Adolescence (Puberty to 18 years)
Transition age from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation and rapid physical development occur resulting to changes in ways of feeling, thinking and acting.
Early adulthood
(18 to 40 years old) Age of adjustment to new patterns of life and roles such as spouse, parent and bread winner.
Middle age
(40 years to retirement) Transition age when adjustments to initial physical and mental decline are experienced.
Old age
(retirement to death) Retirement age when increasingly rapid physical and mental decline are experienced.
Robert J. Havighurst
a professor, physicist, educator, and aging expert, defined developmental task as that “which is learned at a specific point and which makes the achievement of succeeding tasks possible".
Developmental Tasks
is defined as the different tasks which should be learned at a specific point of time and which makes the achievement of succeeding tasks possible.
Developmental Changes
is the process of change that occurs in human beings throughout development.
Physical Challenges
Most have passed through the puberty period.
Females are fully developed while physical
growth for male continues. There is greater acceptance of their physical appearance.
Emotional Behavior
Most adolescents are moody, sensitive, rebellious, stubborn, and inconsistent. They rebel against requirements and policies.
They slowly possess the ability to delay gratification. There is an increased emotional stability.
Social Attitude
There is a desire to be recognized, be liked, and gain success and greatness in their endeavors.
They have increased and deeper capacity for caring for others. There is an emerging social autonomy among them.
Peer Relationships
They are eager to make new friends and friendship is “everything” to them.
The peer group fades in importance and is replaced by a few good and trusted friends.
Late adolescence
(often referred to as emerging adulthood) is the stage where people make significant choices and engage in endeavors that would shape their lives as adults.
Significant Others
is synonymous with the term “relevant other”. It denotes a person or people that guides and takes care of a child during primary socialization. It also pertains to any individual who has pronounced importance in a person’s life or well being.
Parents
responsible for the shaping of a person’s behavior and morals. They are also considered as the “providers”.
Siblings
responsible for shaping each other’s behavior and sibling relationships often reflect the overall condition of cohesiveness within a family
Teachers
they help an individual to progress cognitively or academically. They are considered to be the “second parents”. They also help an individual to have a balanced personality.
Community Leaders
they have an immense traditional influence on the people in the community. These pertain to the church leaders (spiritual leaders) or government officials.
Friends
refers to people that know an individual very well, but who is usually neither a member of the individual’s family nor a romantic partner.
Affirmation
is a carefully formatted statement that should be repeated to one’s self and written down frequently. This is a declaration or courageous statements aimed at creating change in the person stating them.
Emil Coue
a French psychologist who popularized these self-affirmations to help alcoholics and drug users to surmount their destructive habits. He believed that writing positive affirmations can lead to a change in beliefs, thereby producing positive outcomes.
Identity / Self-concept
Identity crisis is prevalent partly because of confusion brought about by the diverse changes in their bodies.
Adolescents have firmer sense of identity though they continue to explore about the self.
Family Relationships
Conflicts usually arise due to adolescents’ assertion of freedom and other concerns.
Conflicts with parents often decrease with age.
Family is becoming influential again.
Romantic Relationships
Slowly, adolescents begin to be interested in romantic relationships and in physical and emotional intimacy.
There is the development of more serious relationships and adolescents develop skills for romantic relationships.
Sexual Relationships
Though most are concerned about heterosexuality, some may be curious about other sexual orientation such as homosexuality, bisexuality and others.
They adjust to a sexually maturing body and feelings and start to establish personal values about sexual behavior.
Decision-making / Independence
They are prone to making poor decisions.
Immature adolescents are especially likely to choose less responsible options and may even engage in violence.
They manifest increased independence and self-reliance.
Cognitive Development
They develop abstract reasoning skills. When bombarded with dilemmas and stress though, they sometimes regress to concrete thinking.
Values / Morality
They start to develop a sense of values and begin to be concerned about exhibiting ethical behaviors.
Regard for future / Career goals
Adolescents become concerned for their future. There is less participation in risky activities.
Stress
A medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome.
Stressor
The term used to denote those which cause stress. These are the things, events, situations, or thoughts that bring about stress.
Physical Stress
Stress increase the level of adrenaline and corticosterone in the body, which in turn leads to an increased heart-rate, respiration, and blood-pressure and puts more physical stress on body organs.
Emotional stress
Stressed individuals are prone to agitation, impatience, irritability and moodiness.
Cognitive Stress
Thoughts of stressed individuals are filled with worrying. As a result, they commonly become forgetful and disorganized.
Behavioral Stress
Some stressed people lose appetite while others tend to overeat. When overstressed, many tend to procrastinate and avoid responsibilities.
Fight or Flight Response / Acute Stress Response
This kind of stress response involves the occurrence of physiological reactions when one is under stress or pressure
Walter Cannon
American physiologist who coined the term fight-or-flight response
General Adaptation Syndrome
describes the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative.
Hans Selye
a medical doctor and researcher, came up with the theory of General Adaptation Syndrome.
Alarm phase
The theory concurs that the body naturally reacts to stress by activating its fight or flight response system.
Resistance stage
This response stage involves the secretion of hormones for long term protection.
Exhaustion stage
The stress has been lingering at this phase.
Relaxation Response
The response is defined as your personal ability to encourage your body to release chemicals and brain signals that make your muscles and organs slow down and increase blood flow to the brain.
Herbert Benson
defined the relaxation response, the physiological counterpart of the fight-or-flight response.
Problem-focused approach
Coping strategy that fundamentally involves focusing on the source of the stress. This may include trying to analyze the situation and making extra effort or working harder to solve the problem.
Emotion-focused strategy
Coping strategy that encompasses concentrating on one’s feeling brought about by stress instead of facing the actual source of stress.
