Hallmark motor and reflex

primitive reflex

involuntary movement patterns elicited in newborn via sensation or sensory stimulus (brainstem)

Attitudinal reflexes

stimulus is head and neck position

autonomic postural reactions

occurs in response to change in body’s orientation and BOS

Primitive reflexes integrate (leave)

4-6 months

Primitve reflex exception

plantar grasp 9 months

attitudinal reflex exception

Symmetrical tonic neck reflix 8-12 months

3 reflexes seen in children with neurological conditions

STNR, neonatal positive support, ATNR

primitive reflex actions

sucking, rooting, plantar grasp

attitudinal reflexe actions

ATNR, STNR

symmetrical tonic neck reflix 1

neck flexion, UE flexion, LE extension

symmetrical tonic neck reflex 2

neck extension, UE extension, LE flexion

automatic postural reactions appear

during infancy and remain

3 automatic postural reactions

protective reactions, right reactions, equilibrium reactions

protective reactions

quick or large displacement by forward protective extension

protective reactions develop

10 months

righting reactions (head and trunk)

maintenance or restoration of head and trunkrigh

righting reactions begin

at birth and peak 10-12 months

equilibrium reactions sequence

prone, (supine), sitting, (quadruped), stance

prone

6 months

sitting

7 months stance

stance

12 months

fidgety movement

2-3 months

weight on hands in prone

4-6 months

head control

4-6 monthsrol

rolling

4-6 months

sitting (no hands)

6-8 months

sitting up from prone

7-9 months

creeping on hands and knees

7-9 months

pulling to stand

8-10 months

cruising along furniture

10-12 months

taking first steps

12 months (10-17 months)

Sucking (primitive reflex) onset

28 weeks gestation

sucking integration

2-5 months

rooting onset

28 weeks gestation

rooting integration

3 months

rooting stimulus

stroke perioral skin at corner of mouth, moving latreally toward the cheek, upper lip and lower lip

rooting response

directed head toward stimulated side

Galants response onset

28-32 weeks gestation

galants response integration

2 months

galants response stimulus

stimulate along paravertebral line

galants response to stimulus

lateral flexion on stimulated side

Moro onset

28 weeks gestation

moro integration

4-6 months

moro stimulus

support infant head and shoulders and allow head drop 20-30 degrees

moro response

abduction of UE with elbow, wrist, and finger extension

palmar grasp onset

brith to 2 months

palmar grasp integration

4-6 months

palmar grasp stimulus

place index finger of examiner into hand of infant from ulnar side

plantar grasp onset

28 weeks gestation

plantar grasp integration

9 months

plantar grasp stimulus

firm pressure againts plantar surface over metatarsal heads

neonatal positive supporting onset

35 weeks gestation

neonatal positive support integration

1-2 months

neonatal positive support stimulus

feet making contact on flat surface

neonatal postive suppirt response

simultaneous contraction of flexors and extensors

spontaneous walking onset

around birth

spontaneous waling integration

2 months

spontaneous walking stimulus

feet contacting surface and lean forward

spontaneous walking response

stepping movements

ATNR onset

birth to 2 months

ATNR integration

4-6 months

ATNR stimulus

Child turn head actively by following object or passively

ATNR response

arm and leg on on face side extended but flexed on other side

STNR onset

4-6 months

STNR integration

8-12 months

STNR stimulus

examiner passively flexes and extends head

automatic postural reactions 1

posture, balance, locomotion, prehension

automatic postural reactions 2

appears during infancy and remains

automatic postural reactions 3

occurs in response to to change in body orientation (BOS)