[TEST] Intro to Infection prevention

Which of the following groups is not included in the category of "healthcare personnel"?

A. Those who have professional training in a healthcare-related field and provide patient care in a healthcare setting.

B. Those who have technical training in a healthcare-related field and provide patient care in a healthcare setting.

C. Those who provide services that support the delivery of healthcare.

D. Those who provide delivery services (e.g. US Postal Service, FedEx).

The term nosocomial infection refers to an infection acquired during the delivery of healthcare in _______________.

A. hospitals

B. long-term care facilities

C. ambulatory settings

D. home care settings

Which of the following is NOT an element in the “chain of infection”, i.e., the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare setting?

A. source or reservoir of infectious agents

B. inadequate infection control policy in the healthcare setting.

C. susceptible host with a portal of entry receptive of the agent

D. mode of transmission for the agent

Which statement is inaccurate with respect to the source or reservoir of infectious agents responsible for HAIs?

A. Pathogens associated with HAIs are derived primarily from human sources, but contaminated objects and environmental sources are also implicated.

B. Human sources include patients and HCP, but not household members and visitors.

C. A source individual may have acute infection, or may be transiently or chronically colonized by pathogenic organisms.

D. The source individual may be asymptomatic or may be in the incubation phase of infection.

Which statement is incorrect with respect to infection in a susceptible host?

A. The numbers, pathogenicity, virulence, and antigenicity of organisms are important determinants of infection.

B. The establishment of infection and its severity relate to the state of host defense mechanisms.

C. Some susceptible hosts become colonized but remain asymptomatic.

D. Pathogenic virulence is the sole factor determining infection spread.

The transfer of a pathogen via airborne particles > 5 µm is best termed:

A. percutaneous transmission, i.e. needlestick

B. direct or indirect contact transmission

C. respiratory transmission, i.e., inhalation of droplets

D. airborne transmission, i.e., inhalation of droplet nuclei

Which statement incorrectly describes droplet nuclei (airborne transmission)?

A. Droplet nuclei are airborne particles ranging from 1-5 μm that may contain potentially infectious pathogens.

B. The risk of inhalation of droplet nuclei is limited to within 3 feet of the source.

C. Droplet nuclei are residuals of droplets that, while suspended in air dried out and in a cool environment may remain suspended in air indefinitely.

D. Transmission of droplet nuclei may result from contact of a susceptible host with contaminated intermediate objects or environmental surfaces.

Which of the following precautions constitutes the primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections?

A. Universal Precautions

B. Standard Precautions

C. Transmission-based Precautions

D. Engineering Precautions

Which statement is incorrect with respect to transmission-based precautions?

A. Transmission-based precautions are implemented empirically until the suspected pathogen is either identified or the infectious status of the patient is ruled out.

B. There are three categories of transmission-based precautions; contact precautions, droplet precautions, and airborne precautions related to droplet nuclei.

C. Transmission-based Precautions should remain in effect for limited periods of time, i.e., while the risk for transmission of the infectious agent persists or for the duration of the illness.

D. The immunocompetence of the infected patient has no bearing on the duration of indicated institute Transmission-based Precautions.

Which of the following precautions are intended to prevent the transmission of pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact with an infected patient, or a contaminated object, or an environmental surface?

A. Contact precautions

B. Droplet precautions

C. Airborne precautions

D. All of the above

The use of an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) fall under what hierarchal control level?

A. Administrative controls

B. Contact controls

C. Environmental controls

D. Respiratory-protection controls

Which does not reflect/represent the primary objective(s) of administrative controls?

A. Identification of the patient with a suspected or confirmed airborne infectious disease.

B. Isolation of the patient with a suspected or confirmed airborne infectious disease.

C. Either the referral of the patient with a suspected or confirmed airborne infectious disease to a facility with an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR); or the return of the patient home, as deemed medically/dentally appropriate.

D. The mandatory use of an N99 respirator when encountering patients with a suspected airborne infection.

Which is NOT a characteristic of airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs)?

A. are engineered to provide negative pressure in the room

B. have an air changes per hour rate of < 6 ACH

C. have an air changes per hour rate of 6-12 ACH

D. direct exhaust of air from the room to the outside of the building or recirculate air in the room through a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter.

Oral HCP providing dental care on a patient with suspected or confirmed airborne infectious disease must use a respirator with N95 or higher filtration capacity to prevent inhalation of infectious particles that are less than 5 μm in size (droplet nuclei).

A. True

B. False

Which statement related to the HBV is inaccurate?

A. Following exposure to HBV, a person may develop acute and/or chronic inflammatory liver disease.

B. HBV is a bloodborne pathogen transmitted through contact with infected blood and other potentially infectious material, e.g., saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions.

C. When treating patients with HBV infections, follow transmission-based precautions.

D. Infection with the HBV is vaccine-preventable.

Which pathogen would NOT be transmitted from a needlestick or sharps exposure to blood or OPIM?

A. HCV

B. HPV

C. HIV

D. HVC

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be transmitted by inhalation of droplets and droplet nuclei.

A. True

B. False

Which falls outside of the job duties of the office Infection Prevention Coordinator (IPC)?

A. Be knowledgeable to develop and maintain the office infection control/exposure control protocol

B. Provide both access to and an explanation of its contents upon request

C. Have overall responsibility for compliance with infection control guidelines

D. Monitor the effectiveness of the program over time to ensure that the criteria are relevant, the procedures are efficient, and the practices are successful

Which statement inaccurately describes the fundamental elements needed to prevent the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings?

A. Infection prevention strategies should be appropriate for the setting and extend to all aspects of the clinical process.

B. As the protocol deviates from optimal design and implementation, the quality (value, outcome) of the program decreases at an accelerated rate.

C. Information from which inference can be drawn about the quality of infection prevention practices may be classified under three headings: structure, process, and outcome.

D. The role of the Infection Prevention Coordinator is assigned to the most senior dentist in the practice.

Which statement is incorrect related to infection prevention education and training?

A. Compliance with Standard and Transmission-based Precautions is significantly improved if HCP understand the rationale for written policies and practices.

B. Participation in an infection prevention education and training program is mandated on a onetime basis, i.e., prior to initial assignment of HCP to tasks in which exposure to blood and OPIM may occur.

C. The objectives of the education training program are to instruct HCP regarding the risk of occupational exposure to potentially infectious agents and infection prevention procedures/protocols appropriate for and specific to their assigned duties.

D. Documentation of participation in infection prevention education training program must be maintained for 3 years.