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Colonial America
A period marked by complex interactions between Indigenous peoples, Europeans, and Africans, shaping early American society.
Chattel Slavery
The ownership of human beings as property, a significant institution affecting African Americans and American history.
Columbian Exchange
The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and diseases that transformed agriculture and diets in both the Old and New Worlds.
Matriarchal Societies
Indigenous societies where women held significant power, contrasting with European patriarchal norms.
Puritan Work Ethic
A cultural value emphasizing hard work and frugality, foundational to the social structure in Puritan New England.
Tribute Colonies
Spanish colonies that relied on Indigenous labor and wealth, exemplified by the encomienda system.
Plantation Colonies
English colonies in the Caribbean and the American South that developed economies based on cash crops and slave labor.
Neo-European Colonies
Colonies in North America that sought to replicate European social and economic structures, particularly in New England.
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607, which struggled initially but prospered through tobacco cultivation.
Powhatan Wars
Conflicts between English settlers and Indigenous peoples in Virginia, highlighting the tensions arising from colonial expansion.
King Philip’s War
A deadly conflict in 1675-1676 between Indigenous peoples and New England settlers, resulting in significant casualties and displacement of Native Americans.
Roger Williams
A dissident Puritan minister who advocated for religious tolerance and founded Rhode Island as a haven for dissenters.
Anne Hutchinson
A religious dissenter in Puritan New England whose beliefs challenged the established church, leading to her banishment.
Salem Witch Trials
A series of witchcraft trials in 1692 that resulted in mass hysteria and the execution of 19 individuals, reflecting social tensions in Puritan society.
Bacon’s Rebellion
A 1676 revolt in Virginia against the colonial government, highlighting class tensions and conflicts over land and Indigenous relations.
Pueblo Revolt
A successful uprising by Indigenous Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in 1680, temporarily driving them out and leading to more lenient policies upon their return.
