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19 Terms

1

evolution

a change over time

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2

units of evolution

population and species

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3

population

a group of members of the same species living in the same place at the same time

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4

species

a group of members that can breed and produce fertile offspring

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5

charles darwin

created the theory of natural selection

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6

natural selection

the mechanism that allows populations to become better adapted to the environment over generations

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7

selection pressures

a change in environment that causes a need to adapt

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8

components of natural selection

  • populations are capable of producing large numbers of offspring

  • variation exists within the offspring

  • individuals struggle for existance

  • differential inharitance of genes

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9

ecosystem dynamics

the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment

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10

selection pressure types

  • biotic (living) factors

  • abiotic (non-living) factors

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11

biotic factor examples

  • food webs

  • food chains

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12

abiotic factor examples

  • pH levels

  • weather

  • climate

  • geology

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13

identified broad observations of adaptation

  • unity of life

  • diversity of life

  • match between organisms and their environments

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14

darwinian fitness

the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals

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15

mode of selection

  • stabilizing selection

  • directional selection

  • disruptive selection

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16

stabilizing selection

the average individual is favored

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17

directional selection

one extreme is favored

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18

disruptive selection

both extremes are favored

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19

artificial selection

when human beings modify other species by selecting and breeding them for desired traits

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