IUPAC pt. 2

Alkanes are polar or nonpolar

Nonpolar

Alkanes have ____ MP and BP

Low

Eclipsed or staggered shapes are more stable

Staggered

Why aren’t eclipsed shapes stable?

Electron overlap

Staggered

Eclipsed

Cyclic alkanes

Rings

Cycloalkanes are named with the prefix

Cyclo

If only one substituents is present

No locants are used

Cyclopropane

Cyclobutane

Cyclopentane

If more than one substituent is present, ring carbon w/ highest alphabetical priority substituent

labeled 1, and gives other substituents lowest numbers

Small rings suffer from

Angle strain

Angle strain + Torsional Strain

Ring strain

Rings minimize angle strain w/

Non- planar conformations

What are non- planar conformations

Not all atoms lay flat

Non- planar is achieved by slight

C-C rotation

Hydrogen attached to carbons will be

Staggered

Different compounds w/ same connectivity but differ in positioning of certain atoms or substituent groups

Stereoisomers

Different compounds w/ same molecular formula and connectivity

Cis/trans stereoisomers

Alkanes are relatively

Inert (unreactive)

Alkanes being inert allows

Carry out of chemical reactions

Inert alkanes don’t react with

Oxidizing, reducing agents, acids, bases

More than one H atom is replaced by Halogen

Polyhalogenated products

Trans

In 3D space atoms on opposite side of ring are

Trans

In 3D space atoms on same side of ring referred to as

Cis

Cis

Burning fuels/ main method of alkane reactions; heat increase

Combustion

Form of substitution; under Heat or UV light

Radical Halogenation