Lecture 2: cranium pt.1

2 parts of the cranium

Neurocranium and splanchnocranium

Neurocranium

Bones and tissues surrounding the brain

Splanchnocranium

Facial bones

6 Neurocranium bones

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

2 divisions of Neurocranium bones

Calvaria (roof of skull), basicradium (floor of skull)

3 bones of calvaria

Frontal, parietal, occipital

3 bones of basicranium

Temporal, sphenoid, part of ethmoid

7 articulations of frontal bone

Nasals, maxillae, lacrimals, ethmoid, sphenoid, zygomatics, parietals

2 parts of frontal bone

Frontal squamous and horizontal portion

Difference between supraorbital notch and supraorbital foramen

Notch is not close (U-shaped), foramen is closed

Supraorbital margin

Brow ridge

Frontal bosses

Puffy/rounded area in middle of forehead

What is 1

Supraorbital notch/foramen

What is 2

Supraorbital margin

What is 3

Temporal line

What is 4

Zygomatic process

What is 5

Frontal bosses

Sagittal sulcus

Small depression

Arachnoid fovea

Cluster of holes

Meningeal grooves

Look like veins

Foramen caecum

most anterior aspect of crest

What is 6

Frontal crest

What is 7

Sagittal sulcus

What is 8

Arachnoid fovea

What is 9

Meningeal grooves

What is 10

Foramen caecum

4 differences between frontal and parietal bone

Parietal have more pronounced meningeal grooves, smoother surface, less curved, thinner

5 articulations of parietal bones

Occipital, frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and other parietal

4 sides of parietal bone

Medial, frontal, inferior, posterior

Which side is frontal in parietal bone and what bone does it connect with

Straight side, connects with frontal bone

Which side is medial in parietal bone and what bone does it connect with

Long c-shaped side, connects with other parietal

Which side is posterior in parietal bone and what bone does it connect with

Short side with notch at bottom, connects with occipital

Which side is inferior in parietal bone and what bone does it connect with

Sharp c-shaped, connects with temporal

Is parietal foramen always beside sagittal suture

No, can sometimes be on it

What is 1

Parietal bosses

What is 2

Temporal line

What is 3

Parietal foramen

What is 4

Arachnoid fovea

What is 5

Sagittal sulcus

What is 6

Meningeal grooves

What is 7

Sigmoid sulcus

3 ways to tell apart parietal bone from temporal, occipital, and frontal bones

Parietal is more uniformly thick, had temporal line across entire ectocranial length, endocranial surface is smoother

4 occipital articulations

Parietal, temporal, sphenoid, atlas C1

What is orange

Occipital bone

What is yellow

Sphenoid

What is red

Temporal

What is green

Parietal

3 parts of occipital bone

Squamous, basilar, lateral

What is yellow

Basilar

What is purple

Lateral

What is blue

Squamous

Hypoglossal canal

Goes under occipital condyles

What is 1

Nuchal lines

What is 2

External occipital crest

What is 3

External occipital protuberance

What is 4

Condylar fossa

What is 5

Occipital condyles

What is 6

Foramen magnum

Hypoglossal canals

What is 8

Occipital (sagittal) sulcus

What is 9

Internal occipital protuberance

What is 10

Transverse sulci

What is 11

Jugular notch

What does the jugular notch form

Jugular foramen with temporal

4 ways to tell apart occipital bone from other bones

Wide variation in thickness across squama, no endocranial meningeal grooves, more rugose, no feathering

5 temporal articulations

Parietal, occipital, sphenoid, zygomatic, and mandible

3 temporal parts

Squama, tympanic, petrous pyramid

What is 2

Mandibular/glenoid fossa

What is 5

Stylomastoid foramen

What is 1

Mastoid process

What is 3

Zygomatic process

What is 4

Styloid process

What is 6

External auditory meatus

What is 7

Jugular fossa

What is 8

Carotid canal

What is 9

Internal acoustic meatus

What is 10

Sigmoid sulcus

2 ways to tell apart temporal bone from other bones

Thinner, zygomatic bone is not as thin or long as zygomatic process of temporal bone

8 sutures

1. Sagittal

2. Frontonasal

3. Zygomaticomaxillary

4. Metopic (usually absent)

5. Coronal

6. Lambdoidal

7. Squamosal

8. Spheno-occipital

What is pink

Lamboid

What is black

Squamous

What is red

Coronal

What is yellow

Sagittal

What is green

Lamboid

What is brown

Frontonasal

What is blue

Zygomaticomaxillary

What is 8

Spheno-occipital

What is 4

Metopic

3 parts of hyoid bone

Body, greater horns, lesser horns

1 articulation of mandible

Temporal @ glenoid process

2 parts of mandible

Body/horizontal ramus and ascending ramus

What is 1

Mental foramen

What is 2

Mental eminence/protuberance

What is 3

Mandibular condyle

What is 4

Mandibular notch

What is 5

Coronoid process

What is 6

Gonial angle

What is 7

Mylohyoid line

What is 8

Mental spines

What is 9

Mylohyoid groove