Lesson 1: Origin of the Universe

What does the term 'Pythagoras' refer to in the context of the universe?

'The all' or 'all things'

What is the observable universe?

The portion of the universe we can currently observe.

What are superclusters?

Large group of smaller galaxy clusters.

Define clusters in the context of the universe's structure.

Clumps of dark matter and galaxies held by gravity.

What are galaxy groups?

The smallest groupings of galaxies.

What are galaxies considered in the universe?

The basic building blocks of the universe, moving apart due to expansion.

What is the percentage composition of dark energy in the universe?

71.4%.

What is dark matter and its percentage in the universe?

Invisible matter that doesn't emit light, constituting 24% of the universe.

What is baryonic matter and its significance in the universe?

Ordinary matter such as stars, planets, and humans, making up 4.6% of the universe.

What is a singularity in the context of the Big Bang Theory?

A fireball or nebula that expanded rapidly.

Who proposed the Big Bang Theory and in what year?

Georges Lemaître in 1927.

What did Albert Einstein develop that is relevant to the universe?

The theory of general relativity, which predicted that the universe is expanding.

What are the two types of universes proposed by Alexander Friedman?

Closed Universe (expands and then collapses) and Open Universe (expands forever).

What is redshift in astronomy?

The phenomenon where light from objects moving away gets stretched and appears redder.

List one piece of evidence for the Big Bang Theory.

Redshift, abundance of Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium, or ongoing/continuous expansion.

What is the estimated age of the universe?

Approximately 13.82 billion years.

What did the Ancient Egyptians believe about the origin of the universe?

They believed the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.

What story about the universe's origin is told by the Kuba people of Central Africa?

The creator god Mbombo vomited stars, the sun, and the moon.

What does the Creationist Theory propose?

God created the universe.

What is the Steady State Theory?

Proposed in 1948, it suggests the universe has always existed in the same state with constant creation of matter.