VTNE Practice Test (Form A) Vocabulary & Concepts

Comprehensive practice flashcards based on the VTNE Form A clinical feedback report covering veterinary nursing topics such as anesthesia, pharmacology, radiography, and diagnostics.

Heartworm Maturation Duration

The period of $6-9$ months required for larvae to reach the heart and mature to the adult stage after transmission to a dog by a mosquito.

Rabbit Dental Formula (Adult)

$$2(I\,2/1, C\,0/0, P\,3/2, M\,3/3)$$

Myelography

A diagnostic procedure where contrast medium is injected intrathecally into the subarachnoid space.

Ivermectin Ingestion

A cause of flaccid paralysis in dogs.

Parallel Technique

The radiographic technique appropriate for imaging mandibular premolars and molars in a dog.

Streptococcus spp. (Ear Swab Identification)

A gram-positive, cocci-shaped pathogen arranged in chains that is catalase-negative.

Postoperative Cryotherapy

A treatment applied to an incision to reduce postoperative inflammation.

Epinephrine Administration (arrest)

For a $30\,kg$ dog requiring a $0.2\,mg/kg$ dose, $6\,mL$ of $1:1000$ epinephrine is administered.

Ruminant Anesthesia Regurgitation

A complication that can occur during any plane of anesthesia in ruminants.

Normal Systolic Blood Pressure (Awake Dog/Cat)

$$100-140\,mm\,Hg$$

Schirmer's test

A test used to determine the amount of lubrication being produced in the eye.

Canine Blood Pressure Cuff Width

The cuff width should be $40\%$ of the circumference of the limb for an accurate reading.

Acute Immunologic Transfusion Reaction

A reaction in dogs characterized by clinical signs such as urticaria.

Inadequate Tissue Perfusion (Feline)

Present in anesthetized cats when the mean arterial blood pressure is $55\,mm\,Hg$.

Anesthetic Ventilator Settings (Dog)

Appropriate settings for a dog with normal respiratory function include an inspiratory:expiratory ratio of $1:2$ and inspiratory pressure of $20\,cm\,H_2O$.

Morphine

A drug contraindicated in a $10$-year-old dog with respiratory depression.

Cachexia

A metabolic alteration occurring in oncology patients.

Uric acid

The test that best determines renal function in an avian patient.

Normal PCV with High Total Protein

Findings most consistent with dehydration.

NSAID Side Effects

Possible adverse effects include impaired platelet function.

Selamectin

A drug used to treat sarcoptic mange in dogs.

Strongyloides stercoralis

A facultative parasite of zoonotic importance.

Phenol

An agent that may result in tissue accumulation and toxic effects upon prolonged topical exposure.

Toxoplasmosis

A disease transmitted in the feces of infected cats.

Fentanyl Patch Peak Blood Levels

Levels that may take up to $24$ hours to reach.

Pansteatitis

A condition in cats caused by a diet containing excessive levels of fish oils.

Acepromazine sensitivity

A trait specifically associated with the Boxer breed.

Hepatic Disease Diet

A prescription diet containing decreased protein for canine and feline patients.

Upright Pedal View (Navicular Bone)

A dorsoproximal-palmar distal view where the primary beam is parallel to the floor and centered on the coronary band.

Traumatic Reticulopericarditis

A dairy condition preventable with good feed management and housing maintenance.

Phenothiazines

A drug class that can cause hypotension or hypothermia through vasodilation.

Tapered Suture Needle

A needle with a sharp tip that pierces and penetrates tissues without cutting them.

Hypothermia effects

A condition that can cause peripheral tissue acidosis.

Dorsal Recumbency (Equine Anesthesia)

The position that accentuates ventilation-perfusion mismatch in horses.

Nociception

The physiological process that leads to the perception of pain.

7.5% Saline

A hypertonic crystalloid used in shock therapy.

Capnograph Wave Form Loss

Probable cause include sensor disconnection while the patient is breathing and has a heartbeat.

Positive Reinforcement

An example of behavior modification such as giving a dog a treat when it sits quietly.

Paramedian Incision

An incision located lateral and parallel to the ventral midline of the animal.

Jamshidi needle

An instrument used to perform a bone marrow biopsy in a cat.

Apomorphine

The most effective emetic to treat a dog that has ingested a toxin.

Prostaglandins

Chemical mediators blocked by non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.

Surgical Scrubbing Sequence

Sterile gloves should be donned last after scrubbing in.

Kitten Incisor Eruption

Occurs typically at $3$ weeks of age.

Nonrebreathing Systems

Inhalant anesthetic delivery systems most useful for animals weighing less than $15.5\,lb$ ($7\,kg$).

Propofol side effect

A potential adverse effect such as apnea.

MCHC Calculation

If hemoglobin is $14\,g/dL$ and PCV is $40\%$, the MCHC is $35.0\,g/dL$ ($350\,g/L$).

Platelet Count Correlation

An average of $37$ platelets per $100\times$ field correlates to $555,000-740,000$ per microliter.

Quantitative Fecal Analysis

A method to predict peak parasite pasture contamination and transmission potential.

Splint Effectiveness

A splint is most effective when it includes the joints above and below the suspected fracture.

Perineal Urethrostomy

A procedure where a patient is most likely to experience respiratory compromise despite correct positioning.

Anesthetic Flowmeter

The part of the anesthetic machine that reduces system pressure from $50\,p.s.i.$ to $15\,p.s.i.$

Anemia Indicators

Blood changes such as hypochromic cells on a blood smear.

Cryptosporidium spp.

A protozoan measuring $3-5\,\mu m$ found in the fecal flotation of a cat.

First Intercoccygeal Space

The anatomical landmark most often used for caudal epidural analgesia in cattle.

Body Condition Score and Dehydration

Dehydration is harder to assess in animals with low body condition scores because they have less body fat.

Tooth Resorption

A condition in cats featuring inflamed gum tissue and hyperplastic gingival tissue extending onto the tooth.

Inflammatory Phase

The part of the healing process where a wound is at its weakest.

Meloxicam

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic preferred for long-term use in dogs.

Absorbable Monofilament

The most appropriate suture material to close an enterotomy.

Emergence Delirium

Vocalization following extubation that stops after acepromazine administration.

Dystocia (Whelping Emergency)

Indicated by the absence of a puppy after $30$ minutes of active labor.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

The agent primarily associated with chronic diarrhea in cattle.

Dexmedetomidine

A tranquilizer that produces emesis in cats.

Sterilization

The complete destruction or removal of all microbial viability.