Fermentation and Cellular Respiration Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to fermentation and cellular respiration as discussed in the lecture.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water, utilizing pathways including glycolysis and the electron transport chain.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons, ultimately producing ATP.

NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is the reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A type of fermentation that occurs in humans and some bacteria, where pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, allowing for the recycling of NAD+.

Ethanol Fermentation

A type of fermentation that converts pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide, typically performed by yeast.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding small amounts of ATP and NADH.

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen to produce ATP, utilizing the electron transport chain.

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration that does not require oxygen and can utilize alternate electron acceptors.

Respiratory Pigments

Proteins involved in electron transport that are crucial for respiration, facilitating the transfer of electrons.

Beta Oxidation

The metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA.

Ammonia

A byproduct of amino acid metabolism, which can occur when proteins are broken down for energy.

Acetyl-CoA

A central molecule in metabolism that links glycolysis and beta-oxidation to the citric acid cycle.