French Revolution

Enlightment?

When people used their own logic instead of religion

John Locke?

Father of Liberalism

Louis XVI?

absolute monarch/ king of France

1st estate?

Clergy, priests, leaders

2nd estate?

Nobles

3rd estsate?

Middle class, working class, poor

Why did Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General?

Because Frances economy was at an all time low in debts from the American Revolution

What political and economic reforms did the 3rd Estate demand at the meeting?  What happened to them?

Equality in voting and taxes, they got locked out

How was the structure of voting unequal in France?

each state had 1/3 of the vote

How was the system of taxation unequal in France?

3rd estate was taxed and payed the most out of the other estates

Why was a harsh winter part of the revolution’s causes?

Starvation (caused resentment to the king) and grain shortages

What does the storming of the Bastille represent?

The start of the French Revolution (major violence)

Declaration of the Rights of Man?

“Liberty, property Free expression (speech) equality before the law, this was Inspired by Dec of Independence

What happened when market ladies or fish ladies stormed Versailles?  (major consequence)

They killed the guards put their heads on spears, louis and his wife came back and they were put on house arrest

What three major groups were attacked by revolutionaries?  Why?

Church - corrupt, too powerful, illogical, Nobles - too much power, refused to listen or move towards change, 3rd estate members who “seemed suspicious”.

Why did Austria attack France during the French Revolution?

France was very weak and Marie Antoinette was Austrian (this was taken personal) and they did not like the democracy.

The Terror or Reign of Terror -

40,000 killed over 1 year because they did not support the revolution

How did the Reign of Terror begin?  Why was this done?

Execution of Louis XVI , they feared he would return

What estate had the most executions during the Terror?  Why is this surprising?

3rd - revolutionaries were attacking their own estate

What are some differences between a moderate revolutionary and a radical revolutionary?

small change vs extreme change

\n What major effect did the Reign of Terror have on the revolution?

Caused many people to not support the revolution anymore

What major effect did dechristianization have on the revolution?

Made people not support the revolution, the catholic churches started to lose power in France

Jacobin?

A radical that supported both the Haitian and French Revolution

Maximilien Robespierre?

Leader of the radicals, made his own religion of science and started the dechristianization

Who brought order to the Reign of Terror?

Napoleon

Two reasons why Napoleon failed in Russia?

Starvation (Russia did not want the French to have their resources so they burned down Moscow), Harsh Russian winters

What is the difference between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy?

Absolute: King only had power, Constitutional: King has most of the power but the people had little of it

Why did France restore the monarchy?

Because Napoleon and Robespierre were disasters

What percentage of France was made up of the 1st and 2nd estate?

2-3%

What percent was going to pay for interest on the debt?

50%