APHUG Unit 2 Vocab

population distribution

The pattern of where people live, which varies by factors such as geography, culture, and economics. It can be represented through density maps and is influenced by natural resources and urbanization.

population density

The number of people living per unit of area, typically measured in people per square kilometer or square mile. It reflects how crowded or sparsely populated an area is in relation to its size.

midlatitudes

The regions between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle, as well as between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. These areas generally have moderate climates and support a significant portion of the world's population.

social stratification

The hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on factors such as wealth, income, race, education, and power in society. It often leads to unequal access to resources and opportunities.

arithmetic population density

The total number of people divided by the total land area, giving a basic measure of population density without accounting for variations in population distribution.

physiological population density

The number of people per unit area of arable land, providing a measure of the pressure on agricultural resources.

arable

land suitable for growing crops

agricultural population density

The number of people engaged in agriculture per unit area of land, reflecting the intensity of agricultural land use.

redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries to reflect changes in population or political representation.

infrastructure

The basic physical systems and structures necessary for the operation of a society, including transportation, communication, water supply, and energy provisions.

overpopulation

carrying capacity

age-sex composition graph

population pyramid

cohorts

birth deficit

baby boom

baby bust

echo

potential workforce

dependent population

dependency ratio

demographic balancing equation

immigrants

emigrants

crude birth rate (CBR)

total fertility rate (TFR)

life expectancy

infant mortality rate (IMR)

crude death rate (CDR)

rate of natural increase (RNI)

population doubling time

demographic transition model

demographic momentum

epidemiological transition theory

Malthusian theory

overpopulation

Boserup theory

neo-Malthusians

antinatalist policies

pronatalist policies

migration

voluntary migration

push factor

pull factor

immigrant

emigrant

emigrate

migration transition model

intervening obstacle

intervening opportunity

distance decay

gravity model of migration

step migration

rural-to-urban migration

counter migration

return migration

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

forced migration

internally displaced persons (IDPs)

refugee

asylum

slavery

internal migration

transnational migration

chain migration

guest workers

transhumance

guest worker policies

family reunification

xenophobia

remittances

brain drain

ethnic enclaves