ATI TEAS 7 Quick Study Guide Vocabulary Flashcards

A complete list of vocabulary flashcards covering key reading, math, science, and english usage terms from the ATI TEAS 7 Quick Study Guide.

Topic

The general subject of the text; answers 'Who or what am I reading about?'

Main idea

The key message, or thesis, of the text.

Topic sentence

Usually appears near the beginning of the paragraph and includes the main idea.

Summary

A brief restatement of the main idea and the most important key points and details.

Inference

A conclusion reached by critical thinking, reading between the lines, and applying logic to facts and evidence while recognizing context clues.

Explicit

Clearly stated.

Implicit

Implied; not directly stated.

Conclusion

A deduction made about an unstated outcome based on predictions, details, evidence, and results.

Descriptive writing

Includes sensory details to create a clear mental picture for the reader.

Expository writing

Informs, explains, or tells how to do something using only facts and examples.

Narrative writing

Tells a story (fiction or nonfiction) to entertain, inform, or challenge.

Persuasive writing

Includes facts and strong opinions to make the reader feel, think, or behave a certain way.

Bias

Tendency toward a preconceived idea.

Connotative meaning

The implied meaning of a word, with assumptions or an emotional charge attached to it.

Denotative meaning

The standard dictionary definition of a word.

Rhetorical device

Stylistic language used to have an emotional or persuasive effect on the reader.

Tone

The writer's attitude or emotions concerning the topic.

Argument

A point the author believes, supported by reasons or evidence.

Primary source

A firsthand, unaltered document by the original author or creator, such as novels, letters, original research papers, datasets, paintings, or photographs.

Secondary source

A document that analyzes, discusses, or reproduces a primary source, such as textbooks, review articles, or biographies.

Tertiary source

A reference work that consolidates information from primary and secondary sources, such as encyclopedias, handbooks, or study guides.

Theme

The broad, underlying concept that the writer explores or addresses.

Least Common Denominator (LCD)

The smallest number into which two or more denominators will divide evenly.

Ratio

A comparison between the quantity of one item and the quantity of another item.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by adding the numbers and dividing by the total count.

Median

The middle number in a set of numbers arranged in numeric order, or the average of the two middle numbers if there is an even quantity.

Mode

The number that appears most often in a set of numbers.

Range

Measures the spread of a given set of numbers, calculated by subtracting the smallest number from the largest number.

Area

The amount of space within the boundary of a two-dimensional shape.

Perimeter

The distance around a two-dimensional shape (called circumference for a rounded shape).

Volume

The amount of space a three-dimensional object occupies or can hold, measured in cubic units or volume units.

Pythagorean theorem

Applies to right triangles with the equation $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$, where $a$ and $b$ are leg lengths and $c$ is the hypotenuse length.

Independent variable

Variable that can be manipulated and provides input that, when modified, can change the output of an equation or experiment.

Dependent variable

Variable that stays the same as the output of an equation or experiment based on the independent variable.

Correlation (covariance)

The relationship between variables; positive when both move in the same direction, and negative when one increases as the other decreases.

Meniscus

The curve at the surface of a liquid in a tube.

Outlier

A value that does not fit the pattern in the data.

Simple probability

Equals the number of specific desired outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes.

Standard deviation

Expresses how much a set of values is spread out from the mean.

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head of the body or a body structure; above another part of the body.

Inferior (caudal)

Toward the lower end of the body or a body structure; below another part of the body.

Ventral (anterior)

Toward the front of the body; in front of another structure or body part.

Dorsal (posterior)

Toward the back of the body; behind another structure or body part.

Medial

Toward the middle of the body; on the inner side of another structure or body part.

Lateral

Toward one side of the body; on the outer side of another structure or body part.

Proximal

Closer to the trunk of the body.

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body.

Superficial

Close to the surface of the skin.

Deep

Far from the surface of the skin.

Prone

Lying on the stomach.

Supine

Lying on the back.

Alveoli

Tiny, thin-walled air sacs at the ends of the smallest bronchioles where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

Diaphragm

Large, dome-shaped muscle separating the chest and abdominal cavities; the primary muscle of respiration.

Pulmonary loop

Circulatory pathway carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen, then returning it to the left atrium.

Systemic loop

Circulatory pathway pumping oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta to the body, then returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Systole

The contraction cycle of heart muscles.

Diastole

The relaxation cycle of heart muscles.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Blood cells that contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

White blood cells (leukocytes)

Immune system cells that defend against infection, categorized into granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Blood constituents that form blood clots to stop or control bleeding.

Central nervous system (CNS)

Nervous system division consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves and ganglia branching out to the rest of the body, divided into autonomic and somatic systems.

Homeostasis

The state of maintaining a steady internal environment.

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney where blood is filtered in the glomerulus and processed through tubules.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells that secrete mineral deposits and build bone.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that degrade bone.

Mitosis

Division and replication of nuclear material (DNA) into two identical nuclei, creating identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Two-round cell division process for gametes that reduces chromosome count from diploid to haploid and produces genetically distinct cells.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Double-helix macromolecule carrying genetic information in nucleotide chains with paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).

Allele

One of two or more versions of a gene.

Homozygote

An individual who has inherited two of the same allele for a particular trait.

Heterozygote

An individual who has inherited two different alleles for a particular trait.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism or a cell.

Phenotype

An individual's observable and biochemical characteristics, such as height, eye color, and blood type.

Atomic number (Z)

Defined by the number of protons in an atom.

Mass number (A)

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom.

Isotopes

Two forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms.

Ionic bond

The chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged ions.

Octet rule

Tendency of elements to bond so that atoms have eight electrons in their valence shells.

Sublimation

Phase change directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid first.

Deposition

Phase change directly from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid first.

Triple point

The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist.

Osmosis

Net flow of water across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient.

pH scale

Numeric representation from 0 to 14 measuring hydrogen ion concentration, where pH < 7 is acidic, pH = 7 is neutral, and pH > 7 is basic.

Hypothesis

An idea or theory that is not yet proven but can be tested through experimentation.

Homographs

Words with different meanings that are spelled the same.

Homophones

Words with different spellings and meanings that are pronounced the same.

Independent clause

A complete sentence containing a subject and predicate that forms a complete thought and stands on its own.

Dependent (subordinate) clause

A group of words containing a subject and verb that does not form a complete thought and must join an independent clause.