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Most significant association with Kaltenborn joint mobs
Joint traction
Purpose of the Kaltenborn mobilization scheme
Used to describe amount of movement and perceived resistance during manual joint testing and treatment
Define the slack zone of the Kaltenborn mobilization scheme
Area of joint mob where little to no resistance is felt
Define the transition zone of the Kaltenborn mobilization scheme
Area of joint mob where increasing resistance ends with a first stop
Define the first stop of the Kaltenborn mobilization scheme
First stop of joint mob does NOT equal the "end feel"
R1
Describe Kaltenborn grade 1 mobs. Oscillatory?
Loosening
May be oscillatory
Describe Kaltenborn grade 2 mobs. Oscillatory?
Taking up the slack
May be oscillatory for pain control
Main goal of grades 1 and 2 Kaltenborn joint mobs
Pain control
Describe grade 3 Kaltenborn mobs. Oscillatory?
Stretching
Oscillatory OR sustained stretch
Main goal of grade 3 Kaltenborn joint mobs
Improve mobility
What grade of Kaltenborn mobs must be performed prior to any joint gliding technique? What does it do?
Grade 1
Opens joint surface, decreases compression
Define joint play assessments
Systematic application of translatoric bone movements
Types of joint play assessments (just names) (3)
Traction
Compression
Translatoric gliding
Define traction joint mobs
Force is perpendicular "away" from treatment plane
Result of traction on joint surfaces
Separation of joint surfaces
Define compression joint mobs
Force is perpendicular "towards" treatment plane
Pain with joint compression may indicate a lesion in what structures?
Inert structures
Are compression joint mobs typically painful?
Yes
Define translatoric gliding joint mobs
Force is parallel to treatment plane
In what joint position do we initiate joint play assessments?
Loose packed position
In what joint position do we progress joint play assessments to?
To closed packed position
Define overpressure
Passive movement carried out from R1 to R2
Define end feel
Feeling that is felt at the end of a joint's total ROM (felt at R2, final stop)
Types of abnormal end feels (5)
Empty
Bone-on-bone
Springy block
Muscle spasm
Capsular (hard/soft)
What type of joints should be mobilized?
Hypomobile joints
Joints with reversible limitations of movement
Are overpressure and end feel synonymous?
No. End feel is the feeling at the end of the application of overpressure
What occurs to collagen when techniques are employed into the end range of restriction?
Plastic deformation of collagen (permanent changes)
Are effects of mobilization neurophysiological or mechanical?
Both
Describe the Pain Relief theory of joint mobs
Faster conducting type I and II receptors override slow type IV pain receptors
Define hypothalamic tuning
Stimulation of autonomic system via tissue mechanoreceptors for pain modulation
Causes global decrease in tone
