Anatomy Chapter 3 Cells

Microvilli term

Extensions of the plasma membrane containing microfilaments

Centrosome and Centrioles defined

Cytoplasm containing two centrioles at right angles; each centriole is composed of 9 microtubule triplets

Microvilli function

Increase surface area to help absorb extra cellular materials

Centrosome and Centrioles function

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division; organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton

Cilia defined

Long extensions of plasma membrane containing microtubules (2 types; primary & motile)

Primary Cilia functions

Acts as a sensor

Motile Cilia functions

Move materials over cell surfaces

Proteasomes defined

Hollow cylinders of proteolytic enzymes with regulatory proteins at ends

Proteasomes functions

Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

Ribosomes defined

RNA + proteins

Fixed Ribosomes defined

Bind to rough ER

Free Ribosomes defined

Scattered in cytoplasm

Ribosomes functions

Protein synthesis

Cytoskeleton defined

Proteins organized in slender tubes

Cytoskeleton Functions

Strength and support; movement of cellular structures & materials

Plasma Membrane defined

Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Cytosol distributes materials by ______.

Diffusion

Plasma Membrane function

Select transport of substances

Nonmembranous Organelles

Microvilli, Cilia, Centrosome and centrioles, cytoskeleton, Proteasomes, ribosomes, plasma membrane

Membranous Organelles

Golgi apparatus, ER, peroxisomes, mitochondria, lysosomes

Golgi Apparatus defined

Stacks of flattened membrane (cisternae) containing chambers

Golgi Apparatus functions

Storage, alteration, & packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) defined

Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum functions

Synthesizes secretory products; intracellular storage and transport; detoxifies drugs or toxins

Rough ER

Has ribosomes & it modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins

Smooth ER

DOES NOT have ribosomes and synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

Peroxisomes defined

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Peroxisomes functions

Catabolizes fats and other organic compounds; neutralizes toxic compounds generated in process

Mitochondria defined

Double membrane, with inner membrane folds (cristae) enclosing important metabolic enzymes

Mitochondria functions

Produce 95% of ATP required by cell

Lysosomes defined

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes

Lysosomes function

Intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens

Nucleus defined

Nucleoplasm containing nucleotides, enzymes, nucleoproteins and chromatin; surrounded by double membrane, the nuclear envelope

Nucleus functions

Controls metabolism; stores and processes genetic information; controls protein synthesis

Plasma Membrane 1st function| Physical Isolation

Separates cytoplasm from surrounding extra cellular fluid

Plasma Membrane 2nd function/ Regulation of exchange with environment

Controls entry of ions and nutrients, elimination of wastes and release of secretions