Graft and Corruption

What is corruption?

Abuse of power for personal gain

What is graft?

Illegal getting of money through cheating or deception.

Difference between graft and corruption?

Graft = illegal money gain

Corruption = misuse of power + money for private benefit

What are the 6 forms of corruption?

Bribery
Extortion
Nepotism
Fraud
Embezzlement
Influence peddling

What is bribery?

Giving/receiving something in exchange for an illegal favor.

What is extortion?

Getting money through threats.

What is nepotism?

Favoring relatives even if they don’t deserve it.

What is fraud?

Cheating to gain wealth using government resources.

What is embezzlement?

Stealing money you are trusted to handle.

What is influence peddling?

Using connections to get favors for money.

What are the main anti-corruption laws?

RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

RA 6713 – Code of Conduct for Public Officials

Revised Penal Code – corrupt acts

RA 9160 – Anti-Money Laundering Act

What are the two types of corruption?

Grand corruption and petty corruption

What is grand corruption?

High-level officials stealing big amounts of money.

What is petty corruption?

Everyday small corruption by low-level employees.

What are the two UNDP types of corruption?

Spontaneous and Systemic

What is spontaneous corruption?

Rare corruption in ethical countries.

What is systemic corruption?

Corruption everywhere, becomes “normal.”