Gastronomy, Solubility, and Water Treatment Flashcards

This flashcard deck covers key vocabulary and conceptual definitions regarding ionic solutions, precipitation reactions, water treatment chemistry, and culinary spherification.

Gastronomy

The study of food, cooking, and culinary techniques.

Aqueous

A state where a substance is dissolved in water, meaning water acts as the solvent.

Ion

An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.

Insoluble

A property of a substance that does not dissolve in water and forms a solid instead.

Precipitate

A solid that forms when two aqueous ionic solutions react.

Spherification

A culinary process where calcium ions ($Ca^{2+}$) react with alginate ions to form a thin gel membrane around a liquid.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of substances, often with one substance dissolved in another.

Aqueous ionic compound

An ionic compound that has dissolved into separate ions in water.

Solubility

A property determined by the balance between lattice energy and hydration energy.

Water treatment (Precipitation)

The process of turning harmful dissolved ions into solids so they can be filtered out.

Lead(II) iodide

An insoluble solid that forms when lead(II) ions ($Pb^{2+}$) meet iodide ions ($I^-$).

Carbonate ions ($CO_3^{2-}$)

Ions added to remove heavy metals or hardness ($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$) from water.

Sulfide ions ($S^{2-}$)

Specific ions added to water treatment systems to remove heavy metals.

Phosphate ions ($PO_4^{3-}$)

Ions used to remove hardness ($Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^2+$) from water.

Aluminum ions ($Al^{3+}$)

Ions added to polluted water to remove phosphates.

Identity of ions during precipitation

The principle that ions combine to form a new solid compound without changing their individual identity.

Effect of additional water on precipitates

Adding more water does not dissolve a precipitate because the substance is inherently insoluble.

Precipitate form

Most precipitates form crystalline solids rather than gels.