CSD 360: Resonance, Harmonics, Formants

resonator

must have an opening and have an empty space

resonance

refers to the acoustic response of the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity

source-filter theory

when vocal folds vibrate, they provide a source of sound, which is then filtered by the vocal tract

resonance

Source-filter theory creates what?

adjustable vocal tract

each adjustment the vocal tract makes (in size, shape, density of walls & size of the opening) will change the vibrating pitch of the air inside

vocal folds

Where do harmonics come from?

shape

You can change the harmonics present in the sound by changing what about the vocal folds?

frequency/pitch

By changing the shape of the vocal folds, therefore the ________/_____ being created.

stronger higher harmonics

More closure in the vocal folds will create

harmonics

considered the source of the sound

vocal tract

Formants come from the

formants

The air inside the vocal tract vibrates at different frequencies depending on its size and shape of the opening

size and shape

You can change the formants in the sound by changing the ____ ___ _____ of the vocal tract.

formants

filter the original sound source

harmonics

After this goes through the vocal tract some become louder or softer.

lowest harmonic (fundamental frequency)

what we usually perceive the pitch as

upper harmonics

without a filter or resonator to boost them, most of these would never be heard

formants

frequency of air inside the vocal tract

Formant 1

The frequency of the air behind the tongue (pharynx)

Formant 2

The frequency of the air in front of the tongue (oral cavity)

periodic

vocal fold vibration must repeat itself in a pattern

periodic

For the harmonic series to occur the original vocal fold vibration must be

2nd harmonic

will always vibrate twice as fast as the fundamental pitch

3rd harmonic

will always vibrate three times as fast as the fundamental pitch

harmonics

will always be an integer multiple of the fundamental pitch

volume

In nature, the higher the harmonic, the softer the

formant frequencies

the most important frequency characteristics of speech

the acoustic properties that distinguish the various vowels

octave

doubling harmonics is called an

resonator

do not start the sound, cannot initiate the first vibration