Chapter 4: Classification and Biodiversity Vocabulary

studied byStudied by 6 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Ocean

1 / 68

69 Terms

1

Ocean

a continuous mass of seawater on the Earth's surface, its boundaries formed by continental land masses ridges on the ocean floor

New cards
2

Seas

smaller bodies of saltwater which are frequently enclosed by land; they are found where the ocean and land meets

New cards
3

Taxonomic Hierarchy

the classification of the species within living organisms by describing the domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

New cards
4

Binomial Nomenclature

the two-part latin name given to each species comprising the genus followed by the species

New cards
5

Dichotomous Key

a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters, with a direction to another stage in the key, until the species is identified

New cards
6

blades

leaf-like structures that 'hang' in the water and absorb light and minerals

New cards
7

bony fish

fish that have a bony skeleton and belong to the class Osteichthyes

New cards
8

carapace

the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax

New cards
9

cartilaginous fish

fish that have jaws and skeletons made of only cartilage and belong to the class Chondrichthyes

New cards
10

crustaceans

a marine invertebrate group with a hard exoskeleton, ten jointed legs and a nauplius larval stage

New cards
11

denticles

a type of overlapping scale that provides protection and improved hydrodynamic efficiency in sharks

New cards
12

echinoderms

a marine invertebrate group with pentaradial symmetry and tube feet

New cards
13

fins

protrude from the body surface and assist in movement, stabilizing position, reproduction and protection

New cards
14

flower

sexual reproductive organ of plants

New cards
15

gas bladder

a gas-containing structure that provides buoyancy for some species of seaweed

New cards
16

gill slits

external openings from the gills through which water taken in at the mouth can pass back to the ocean

New cards
17

gills

the gaseous exchange surfaces of fish

New cards
18

holdfast

strong, root-like structure that anchors the macroalgae to the seabed

New cards
19

keystone species

an organism that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions; without keystone species the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether

New cards
20

larvae

a planktonic stage of development which occurs between the egg and juveniles; found in nearly all species of fish and invertebrates

New cards
21

lateral line

a canal on the head and the side of the fish that contains sense organs; it is externally visible in bony fish but in cartilaginous fish it is under the skin

New cards
22

leaf

photosynthetic organ of plants

New cards
23

macroalgae

marine producers such as kelp and seaweeds

New cards
24

marine grasses

aquatic flowering plants that are often found in estuarine and coastal environments

New cards
25

nauplius

A distinct planktonic larval stage seen in many crustaceans.

New cards
26

operculum

a thin bony flap of skin covering and protecting the gills

New cards
27

pentaradial symmetry

five arms (or fans) radiating from a central body cavity

New cards
28

plankton

microscopic free floating marine organism

New cards
29

rhizomes

a horizontal underground structure that enable seagrasses to reproduce asexually

New cards
30

root

structure at base of plant that anchors it to the substrate and absorbs nutrients from the nutrients

New cards
31

scales

overlapping segments of bone covered by skin and mucus found on the outside of the fish

New cards
32

stipe

long, tough, vertical stalk similar to the stem of plants

New cards
33

swim bladder

a buoyancy organ found in bony fish

New cards
34

tube feet

tubular projections that assist in locomotion, feeding, and respiration

New cards
35

zooplankton

planktonic consumers that are either floating or weakly swimming animals

New cards
36

biodiversity

a measure of the species, genetic and ecosystem diversity of different species

New cards
37

ecological diversity

the variation of ecosystems or habitats on a regional or global level

New cards
38

genetic diversity

the variety of forms of genes (alleles) within species

New cards
39

species diversity

the abundance and richness of a species in a given place

New cards
40

ecosystems

the living organisms and the environment with which they interact

New cards
41

habitat

the natural environment where an organism lives

New cards
42

niche

the role of a species within ecosystem

New cards
43

species

a group of similar organisms that can interbreed naturally to produce fertile offsprings

New cards
44

population

all of the individuals of a species that live in the same place and time

New cards
45

biotic factors

the living parts of an ecosystem, which includes the organisms and their effects on each other

New cards
46

disease

an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

New cards
47

intra-specifc competition

competition between individuals of the same species (for example, for food or a mate)

New cards
48

inter-specific competition

competition between members of different species (for example, predator-prey)

New cards
49

mark-release-recapture

a method to estimate the population size of mobile species

New cards
50

lincoln index

a mathematical equation that can use the mark-release-recapture data to estimate the population size

New cards
51

frame quadrat

a plastic or metal square that sets a standard unit of area for study of the distribution of marine organisms

New cards
52

transect

a rope or tape marked at regular intervals that sets standard distances for study of the distribution of marine organisms

New cards
53

line transect

a sampling method involving counting of species that touch the transect

New cards
54

continuous sampling

samples are taken along the whole length of the transect

New cards
55

systematic sampling

samples are taken at fixed intervals along the transect

New cards
56

belt transect

a sampling method involving counting of species in frame quadrats placed adjacent to the transect

New cards
57

random sampling

samples are taken at random places within the sample site

New cards
58

ethical method

evaluates and chooses ways to protect the natural habitat under investigation

New cards
59

safe method

Identifies potential hazards and then reducing their risk of occurring

New cards
60

kite graph

A graph of the distribution and abundance of organisms in the littoral zone that allows zonation patterns to be easily seen.

New cards
61

richness

the number of species in a community

New cards
62

evenness

a measure of the relative abundance of the different species making up the richness of an area

New cards
63

Simpson's Diversity Index

a biodiversity measure that accounts for both species of richness and evenness

New cards
64

Null Hypothesis (H0)

there is no correlation between the two sets of variables

New cards
65

hypothesis

an explanation of an observation that can be tested through experimentation

New cards
66

scatter graph

when two sets of variables are plotted to indicate if there is a relationship between them

New cards
67

Spearman's rank correlation

a mathematical tool used to find out if there is a correlation between two sets of variables, when they are not normally distributed

New cards
68

critical values of rs

indicate when the calculated spearman's rank is sufficient to suggest a correlation between the two sets of variables

New cards
69

alternative hypothesis

there is a significant correlation between two sets of variables

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1639 people
... ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 30 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1096 people
... ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (214)
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (52)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (131)
studied byStudied by 62 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (64)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 24 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot