orgo functional groups

c-c

alkane

functional group: C-C

saturated hydrocarbon

c=c

alkene

functional group: carbon-carbon double bond

key feature: one pi bond

c (triple bond) c

alkyne

functional group: carbon-carbon triple bond

2 pi bonds

-OH

alcohol

functional group: OH

ex- CH3OH

-NH2

amine

functional group: nitrogen attached to carbon

ex: CH3NH2

-CHO

aldehyde

functional group: carbonyl at the end of a chain

R-C(=O)-R

ketone

functional group: carbonyl in middle of carbon chain

r-C(=O)-OH

carboxylic acid

functional group: carboxl group

key feature: carbonyl and OH together

R-O-R

ether

functional group: Oxygen between 2 carbons

r-c(=O)-O-r

ester

functional group: carbonyl next to an oxygen

R-C(=O)-NH2

amide

functional group= carbonyl next to nitrogen

r-c(triple)N

nitrile

functional group: carbon triple-bonded to nitrogen

C=O

carbonyl

not functional group on its own but is part of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides