Chapter 8 Review; Cognition, language and creativity

What is the nature of thought?

Thinking is the manipulation of internal representations of external stimuli or situations.

What are the two types of thinking?

Automatic experiential processing and more effortful reflective processing.

What are the three basic units of thought?

Images, concepts, and language (symbols).

What type of images do most people have that can cross normal sense boundaries?

Synesthesia.

What are kinesthetic images used for?

To represent movement and action.

How is a concept defined?

A generalized idea of a class of objects or events.

What are the two types of concept learning?

Positive and negative instances or rule learning.

What is the denotative meaning of a word?

Its dictionary definition.

What does language do in relation to thinking?

Encodes events into symbols for easy mental manipulation.

What is bilingualism?

A valuable ability where a person is proficient in two languages.

What are the elements of insight in problem solving?

Selective encoding, selective combination, and selective comparison.

What is functional fixedness?

A common fixation that can block problem solving.

What is required for creative thinking?

A solution must be practical, sensible, and original.

What are the five stages of creative problem solving?

Orientation, preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.

What common relationship exists between IQ and creativity?

Only a very small correlation exists between IQ and creativity.

What can intuitive thinking lead to?

Errors and wrong conclusions.

What can promote divergent thinking?

Various strategies that enhance creative problem solving.

What is a strategy that may lead to creative solutions in groups?

Brainstorming.