Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeletal System

Appendicular Skeleton

Includes pectoral girdles and limb bones.

Pectoral Girdles

Connect upper limbs to axial skeleton.

Clavicle

S-shaped bone connecting sternum to scapula.

Sternoclavicular Joint

Only bony connection between shoulder and axial skeleton.

Scapula

Flat, triangular bone on upper back.

Acromion Process

Tip of shoulder formed by scapula.

Glenoid Cavity

Articulates with humerus in shoulder joint.

Coracoid Process

Projection for ligament and tendon attachment.

Humerus

Bone of the upper arm, fits into scapula.

Olecranon Fossa

Depression for ulna at humerus' lower end.

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm.

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm.

Trochlear Notch

Articulates with humerus at ulna's proximal end.

Carpal Bones

Eight bones forming the wrist.

Metacarpals

Five bones forming the palm.

Phalanges

Finger bones; three per finger, two in thumb.

Pelvic Girdle

Supports trunk and attaches lower limbs.

Coxal Bones

Formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Acetabulum

Cavity receiving femur's head in hip joint.

Ilium

Largest part of the coxal bone.

Iliac Crest

Superior margin of the ilium.

Sacroiliac Joint

Joint formed by ilium and sacrum.

Sciatic Notch

Groove for sciatic nerve passage.

Ischium

Thick L-shaped posterior portion of the acetabulum.

Ischial tuberosity

Roughened projection we sit on, points downward.

Hamstrings

Muscles attaching at the ischial tuberosity.

Ischial spine

Sharp posterior projection near ilium and ischium.

Pubis

Anterior portion of the acetabulum.

Symphysis pubis

Joint where two pubic bones join anteriorly.

Obturator foramen

Opening formed by pubis and ischium joining.

Pelvis

Consists of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx.

Pelvic brim

Rim separating true pelvis from false pelvis.

False pelvis

Located in abdominal cavity, superior to brim.

True pelvis

Found inside pelvic cavity, inferior to brim.

Pelvic inlet

Superior opening of the true pelvis.

Pelvic outlet

Narrower, lower opening at ischial spines.

Femur

Longest bone in the body, articulates with acetabulum.

Fovea capitis

Small pit for ligament attachment on femur head.

Greater trochanter

Large lateral process for muscle attachment.

Lesser trochanter

Smaller process beneath femur head for muscle attachment.

Condyles

Distal femur parts articulating with tibia.

Patella

Sesamoid bone within quadriceps tendon at knee.

Tibia

Larger lower leg bone, medial side.

Tibial tuberosity

Projection for patellar ligament attachment.

Medial malleolus

Distal prominence articulating with talus.

Fibula

Long slender bone on lateral lower leg.

Lateral malleolus

Distal prominence articulating with talus.

Tarsals

Seven bones forming the ankle joint.

Metatarsals

Five bones forming the instep of the foot.