Mood Disorders: Depression and Mania

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, definitions, and diagnostic criteria related to mood disorders, drawing from DSM and ICD perspectives, biological and historical views, and psychological and sociocultural insights.

What are the two main types of mood disorders discussed in the lecture?

Depression and Mania.

What is a depressive episode characterized by?

Either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure in activities, along with at least three other specific symptoms.

What are five symptoms of a depressive episode?

Increase or decrease in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, difficulty concentrating.

What distinguishes a manic episode from a depressive episode?

A manic episode involves an inflated or irritable mood with extremely increased energy and activity, along with specific additional symptoms.

What is a hypomanic episode?

A period of several days involving manic symptoms that are milder than those in a manic episode.

What is major depressive disorder according to DSM?

A diagnosis involving at least one depressive episode with no occurrence of manic or hypomanic episodes.

What is the criteria for Bipolar I disorder?

At least one manic episode with possible hypomanic or depressive episodes.

What is the Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression?

The theory that depression is attributed to a shortage of monoamine neurotransmitters.

What are SSRIs and when were they first introduced?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; introduced in 1987.

What is one major criticism of the monoamine hypothesis?

Long-term SSRI use may lower serotonin levels and does not always lead to improvement in depressive symptoms.

What is the Glutamate Hypothesis of Depression?

This theory associates depression with high levels of glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter.

What are mood stabilizers used for in bipolar disorder?

They help to manage manic symptoms and include lithium, anticonvulsants, and some antipsychotics.

What is meant by the term 'dysregulation models' in the context of depression?

Models suggesting that the mechanisms behind feelings of sadness and loss are broken and indicate internal dysfunction.

How do attachment theorists explain the association between attachment styles and depression?

Attachment styles affect emotional responses and interpersonal relationships, influencing the risk of depression.

What role does stigma play in the recovery of mood disorder symptoms?

Stigma can hinder recovery by discouraging individuals from seeking help or treatment.

What significant difference exists between mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

MBCT emphasizes being aware of and accepting one’s thoughts and feelings, while CBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

What are the two main types of mood disorders discussed in the lecture?

Depression and Mania.

What is a depressive episode characterized by?

Either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure in activities, along with at least three other specific symptoms.

What are five symptoms of a depressive episode?

Increase or decrease in appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, difficulty concentrating.

What distinguishes a manic episode from a depressive episode?

A manic episode involves an inflated or irritable mood with extremely increased energy and activity, along with specific additional symptoms.

What is a hypomanic episode?

A period of several days involving manic symptoms that are milder than those in a manic episode.

What is major depressive disorder according to DSM?

A diagnosis involving at least one depressive episode with no occurrence of manic or hypomanic episodes.

What is the criteria for Bipolar I disorder?

At least one manic episode with possible hypomanic or depressive episodes.

What is the Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression?

The theory that depression is attributed to a shortage of monoamine neurotransmitters.

What are SSRIs and when were they first introduced?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; introduced in 1987.

What is one major criticism of the monoamine hypothesis?

Long-term SSRI use may lower serotonin levels and does not always lead to improvement in depressive symptoms.

What is the Glutamate Hypothesis of Depression?

This theory associates depression with high levels of glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter.

What are mood stabilizers used for in bipolar disorder?

They help to manage manic symptoms and include lithium, anticonvulsants, and some antipsychotics.

What is meant by the term 'dysregulation models' in the context of depression?

Models suggesting that the mechanisms behind feelings of sadness and loss are broken and indicate internal dysfunction.

How do attachment theorists explain the association between attachment styles and depression?

Attachment styles affect emotional responses and interpersonal relationships, influencing the risk of depression.

What role does stigma play in the recovery of mood disorder symptoms?

Stigma can hinder recovery by discouraging individuals from seeking help or treatment.

What significant difference exists between mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

MBCT emphasizes being aware of and accepting one’s thoughts and feelings, while CBT focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

A depressive episode is characterized by either depressed mood or loss of _ in activities.

interest/pleasure

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is diagnosed when there is at least one depressive episode with no occurrence of _ or _ episodes.

manic; hypomanic

The Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression suggests that depression is attributed to a shortage of _ neurotransmitters.

monoamine

Bipolar I disorder is defined by the occurrence of at least one _ episode.

manic

SSRIs stand for Selective _ Reuptake Inhibitors.

Serotonin