Module 3: Race and Ethnicity

What are examples of institutional discrimination?

1. National Association of Real Estate Code of Ethics

2. Redlining

What is race?

A group of people who share physical characteristics such as skin color and facial features

What is ethnicity?

A set of people who identify with common national origin or cultural heritage

How is race a social construct?

1. Humans share 99% of DNA

2. More genetic variation within than between racial groups

3. Societies create labels/meanings and racial boundaries

4. race is constructed in laws, institutions, cultural norms and narratives, socializations agents

What are the types of racial discrimination?

1. Individual discrimination

2. Institutional discrimination

What is individual discrimination?

Unequal behavior that occurs on a on-to-one basis and targets specific people on the basis of race or ethnicity

What is institutional discrimination?

Subordination or certain races or ethnicities within social institutions and organizations

What is the national association of real estate code of ethics?

A realtor should never be instrumental in introducing people to a neighborhood of any race/nationality that will lower the property value

What is redlining?

Systemic denial of services to residents of certain neighborhoods based on racial or ethnic composition

(drawing red lines around black and immigrant neighborhoods)

What was the Fair Housing Act?

An act that protects people from discrimination when buying or renting a home, getting a mortgage, etc

What was the Fair Housing Plan Act?

Focuses on accountability, culture change, and training as ways to address ongoing discrimination in housing transactions

How is racial inequality in the criminal justice system?

1. racial variation in policing, arrests, sentencing, incarceration rate, and jury representation

2. Historical segregation

3. Racial stereotypes

4. Economic inequality

5. implicit bias among people

6. Policy choices that disproportionately criminalize communities

How is racial inequality in the workplace?

1. Hiring and recruitment practices (resume discrimination, occupational segregation, networking disadvantages)

2. Promotion practices (access to mentorships)

3. Wage Gaps

What does functionalism say about racial inequality?

1. Discrimination results in solidarity among dominant/subordinate groups

2. Prejudice can be dysfunctional because of loss of talent

What does conflict theory say about racial inequality?

1. Powerful groups maintain their advantages and perpetuate racial and ethnic inequality through exploitation

What does interactionism say about racial inequality?

1. Prejudice can be learned through interactions with all agents of socialization

2. Prejudice reduces interracial and inter-ethnic interractions

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