4.4.2.1 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

energy uses

movement

keep mammals warm

chemical reactions to build larger molecules

respiration

exothermic reaction- releases energy

takes place continually in all living cells

aerobic respiration equation and advantage

glucose + oxygen → (releases energy) + water + carbon dioxide

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

releases a great deal of energy because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised

Anaerobic Respiration equation and disadvantage

muscles:

shortage of oxygen, respire anaerobically

==glucose → (energy) lactic acid==

releases much less energy because oxidisation of glucose is incomplete

anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells:

glucose → (energy) ethanol+ carbon dioxide

yeast cells- fermentation 

used to make drinks such as beer, alcohol in these drinks are ethanol which is produced by fermentation 

bread- carbon dioxide creates bubble in dough causing bread to rise

what is metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions in the cell or the body 

examples of metabolic reactions 

1. conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
2. the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids-maintain cell structure and store energy
3. the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
4. respiration
5. breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.