Know and understand the sequence of events from phragmoplast to cell wall formation.

General Botany

Sequence of Events: From Phragmoplast to Cell Wall Formation

1. Telophase Begins (End of Mitosis)

2. Formation of the Phragmoplast

3. Vesicle Transport and Fusion

4. Cell Plate Expansion

5. Maturation into New Cell Wall

Telophase Begins (End of Mitosis)

After nuclear division, two daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell.

Microtubules begin reorganizing between the nuclei.

Formation of the Phragmoplast:

A phragmoplast forms between the two daughter nuceli.

Composed of:

• Microtubules

• Actin Filaments

• Motor Proteins

The phragmoplast acts as a scaffold or guiding structure for cell wall formation

Vescile Transport and Fusion:

Golgi-derived vesicles carry

• Cell wall materials

• Membrane components

These vesicles are guided along the phragmoplast microtubules to the center of the cell.

Vesicles fuse to form the cell plate - an early version of the new wall.

Cell Plate Expansion:

The cell plate expands outward, toward the existing parental cell wall.

New vesicles keep arriving and fusing at the edges.

The phragmoplast itself grows outward along with the expanding plate.

Maturation into New Cell Wall:

Once the cell plate reaches and fuses with the parental cell wall, cytokinesis is complete.

The cell plate matures into the middle lamella, followed by the formation of:

• Primary cell walls on either side.

• Plasma membranes, formed from the fused vesicle membranes.