crude oil part 1

yes

hydrocarbon

a molecule that is only made from hydrogen and carbon atoms

crude oil formation

Crude oil forms over millions of years from tiny dead sea creatures buried under layers of mud. Heat and pressure slowly turn them into oil, which then moves through rocks until trapped underground.

what are they alkanes

• simplest type of hydrocarbons with only single bonds

• saturated hydrocarbons as they have as many hydrogen atoms as possible

alkane formula

CnH2n+2

properties of hydrocarbons

flammability (decreases with bigger molecule size )

viscosity (increases with bigger molecule size)

boiling point(increases with bigger molecule size)

what is fractional dislitation

a method of seperating two liquids from a liquid, for example ink and water. ink has a higher boiling point than water so water would evaporate first which seperates them

complete combustion

complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces water vapour and carbon dioxidec

incomplete combustion

Incomplete combustion. happens when the supply of air or oxygen is poor

example of fractional distilation

cracking hydrocarbons

when you break c-c bonds in a hydrocarbon

2 typer of hydrocarbon cracking

• thermal, using high temperature and pressure

• catalytic, using a catalyst to speed up the process using low temps

alkenes

hydrocarbons with double bonds (c=c)

unsaturated hydrocarbons because not have max nom of hydrogen atoms

alkene equation

CnH2n

test for alkanes and alkenes

bromine water test

bromine water test result for alkenes

• Alkenes – Turn orange bromine water colorless (because they react with bromine in an addition reaction).

bromine water test result for alkanes

Alkanes – No color change, bromine water stays orange (because alkanes do not react with bromine under normal conditions).

how does the bromine water test work

This test works because alkenes have a double bond, allowing them to react with bromine, while alkanes only have single bonds and are unreactive.