Miller & Levine Ch. 9 & 10 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

energy

the ability to do work

photosynthesis

the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy for use in the cell

cellular respiration

the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for the cell

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

a biological molecule that provides the basic unit of chemical energy

thylakoid

flattened, saclike membranes arranged in stacks where the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis takes place

grana (singular or one stack, granum)

stacks of thylakoids

stroma

the fluid filled space outside the grana

pigment

Light-absorbing molecule

NADP+

electron carrying precursor to the energy carrying molecule NADPH

Calvin cycle

light-independent reactions where energy is stored in organic molecules

anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

aerobic

Process that requires oxygen

glycolysis

the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP and NADPH

Krebs cycle

the breakdown of pyruvate into carbon dioxide releasing further energy

fermentation

known as anaerobic respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm to regenerate NAD+ and ATP

metabolism

all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

heterotroph

organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy

autotroph

organisms that make their own food.

chemoautotrophs

organisms that use inorganic substances as a source of energy

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria