CAuse and Effect unit 6

Transnational Businesses / Cause: International corporations expanded trade and economic influence, Effect: Strengthened Europe’s economic control over Asia and Africa

Justification for Imperialism / Cause: Europeans believed they were superior and saw other cultures as uncivilized, Effect: Justified colonization as a “moral duty” (e.g., “White Man’s Burden”)

Mughal Decline and Religious Conflicts / Cause: Wars weakened the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Effect: Britain and France fought for dominance, with Britain winning in the Seven Years’ War

British East India Company / Cause: Britain established trade dominance through the British East India Company, Effect: Slowly took over Indian territory, leading to British control

Sepoy Mutiny (1857) / Cause: Indian soldiers rebelled against British disrespect for Hindu and Muslim traditions, Effect: Rebellion failed, leading to direct British rule over India

British Imperial Rule Over India / Cause: The Sepoy Mutiny led the British government to take full control, Effect: India became a crown colony under Queen Victoria

Indian National Congress (1885) / Cause: Growing resentment of British rule and desire for independence, Effect: Became the foundation for India’s eventual independence movement

Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860) / Cause: Britain wanted to continue opium trade despite Chinese opposition, Effect: China lost and was forced to open trade and give up Hong Kong

Treaty of Nanjing (1842) / Cause: China’s defeat in the Opium War, Effect: Britain gained Hong Kong and trading rights

Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) / Cause: Chinese nationalists (Boxers) resisted foreign influence, Effect: Rebellion failed, and China was forced to pay reparations

Meiji Restoration (1868) / Cause: Japan opened trade to the West and sought to modernize, Effect: Rapid industrialization and military expansion made Japan a world power

Berlin Conference (1884-1885) / Cause: European powers wanted to divide Africa without conflict, Effect: Nearly all of Africa was colonized, with no regard for local cultures

Boer War (1899-1902) / Cause: British wanted control of South African resources (gold, diamonds), Effect: Britain won, taking control of South Africa

Construction of the Suez Canal (1869) / Cause: Need for a faster trade route between Europe and Asia, Effect: Increased European control over Egypt and eventually British dominance

Monroe Doctrine (1823) / Cause: U.S. wanted to prevent European interference in the Americas, Effect: Limited European colonization in the Western Hemisphere

Spanish-American War (1898) / Cause: U.S. supported Cuban independence from Spain, Effect: U.S. gained control of the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba