CCMA Diseases & Disorders

List of diseases & disorders mentioned in the lesson slides! [Currently through: Psychology & Communication]

Alopecia

Hair loss

Acne Vulgaris

Black heads, white heads, pustules

Cellulitis

Bacterial infection

Dermatitis

Inflammation with rash

Eczema

Itchy, red, scaly rash

Herpes Simplex (cold sore)

Blisters, mouth, lips, face

Impetigo

Bacterial infection, itchy, oozing skin

Keloid

An overgrowth of scar tissue

Nodule

Small growth under the skin

Petechiae

Ruptured skin capillaries

Pediculosis

Lice Infestation

Ringworm (Tinea corporis)

Fungus infection, circular lesions

Rosacea

Dilation of facial blood vessels, redness

Basal cell carcinoma (most common)

Sun exposure, new growth does not heal

Squamous cell carcinoma

Sun exposure, spreads to surrounding tissues (metastasize), common on face and head, less common than basal cell

Malignant melanoma (most aggressive)

Sun exposure, itchy, bleeding mole with charges

Osteoarthritis

“wear & tear”

• degenerative joint disease (DJD)

• Joint stiffness and pain

Rheumatoid arthritis

Autoimmune

• chronic systemic inflammatory disease

• visible joint deformity

Bursitis

joint pain and swelling

Ewing sarcoma

type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue, ages 10-20 years

Gout

arthritis due to uric acid crystals in joints

Osteogenesis

brittle bone disease, hereditary

Osteoporosis

disease of the elderly, causes fractures of the spine, loss of height

Osteosarcoma

bone cancer that usually develops in the cells (osteoblasts) that form bone, most often in children, adolescents, and young adults

Kyphosis

Hunchback

Lordosis

swayback

Scoliosis

an abnormal s-shaped curvature of the spine

Paget’s disease

bones enlarge, become deformed, and weak

Fibromyalgia

chronic body pain

Muscular dystrophy

Inherited disorder, muscles do not develop properly

Atrophy

condition where muscles shrink do to lack of nervous stimulation or use

Tendonitis

sports related, pain in joints

Myasthenia Gravis

autoimmune disorder, double vision, muscle weakness, difficulty chewing & breathing

Tetanus

muscle spasms in jaw and neck caused by the toxin (Clostridium tetani), can cause death

Angina

chest pain

Myocardial infarction

narrowing of coronary arteries

Atherosclerosis

deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

Hypertension

high BP due to narrowing of arteries

Coronary artery disease

Caused by:

• buildup of fat and cholesterol in the arteries

• Ischemia

Ischemia

restriction of the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Aneurysm

a bulge or “ballooning” in the wall of an artery

Congestive Heart Failure

Heart doesn’t pump blood as efficiently as it should due to hypertension or previous heart attacks

Hypertension Risk Factors

• obesity

• smoking

• kidney disease

• excessive alcohol intake

CAD Risk Factors

• high fat diet

• smoking

• obesity

• sedentary lifestyle

Aneurysm Risk Factors

• obesity

• smoking

• high cholesterol diet

Congestive Heart Failure Risk Factors *

• high fat diet

• smoking

• obesity

• sedentary lifestyle

*

Thrombophlebitis

Blood clot forms blocking veins in usually the legs

Thrombophlebitis Risk Factors

• prolonged periods of inactivity

• hormone replacement therapy

• cancer

• paralysis

Mitral valve prolapse

mitral valve does not close smoothly or evenly, causes backflow of blood

Mitral valve prolapse Symptoms

• none

• shortness of breath

• palpitations

Anemia

decreased RBCs

Leukemia

bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal WBCs

Sickle Cell Anemia

Genetic - RBCs to change to a sickle shape & can’t carry oxygen, more common in African-Americans

Polycythemia

disease of the bone marrow that results in an abnormally high number of blood cells, especially RBCs, causing blood to thicken

Thalassemia

Inherited form of anemia; defective hemoglobin chain causes small, pale, & short-lived RBCs

Anaphylaxis

life threatening allergic response

Autoimmune disease

condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body

Autoimmune disease examples

• Graves disease

• Lupus

• Multiple Sclerosis

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus

• Guillain-Barre syndrome

Mononucleosis

“Mono”; highly contagious viral infection caused by the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Autoimmune disorder; affects women more often than men; causes butterfly rash on face, anemia, weight loss, fatigue, joint pain, fever, & organ damage

Celiac disease

chronic digestive & immune disorder that damages the small intestine

Asthma

inflammation in airways - wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest. Inhalers prescribed.

Atelectasis

Collapse of part or all of lung; caused by blockage of the air passages. Caused by COPD, pleurisy, lung cancer

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi often due to infection. Symptoms: yellow-gray or green mucus, fever, coughing

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

a group of lung disorders that limit airflow to lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli. Caused by smoking, & pollutants

Emphysema

Damage to the alveoli from smoking. Most common type of COPD-associated with smoking

Legionnaires disease

from Legionella bacteria found in contaminated water of air conditioning systems

Influenza

a viral disease that attacks the respiratory system; commonly called the flu

Laryngitis

an acute inflammation of the larynx causing hoarseness (dysphonia)

Pneumonia

infection of the lower lung caused by bacteria, virus, or parasite

Pulmonary edema

fluid in the lungs

Pulmonary embolism

a traveling clot (embolism) that lodges in the blood vessel of the lung

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus

Tuberculosis

lung infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis - often dormant for years

Paraplegia

paralysis of the legs

Quadriplegia

paralysis of the arms & legs

Hemiplegia

paralysis of ½ of the body

Monoplegia

impacts one limb

Neuralgia

nerve pain

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

degenerative & fatal disorder of the CNS; Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Meningitis

Inflammation/infection of the lining of the brain & spinal cord

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Demyelinating disease of CNS

Parkinson’s disease

progressive & degenerative motor system disorder; causes tremors

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

usually lasts only a few minutes & doesn’t cause permanent damage. Called a mini stroke, may be a warning sign

Bell’s Palsy

weak or paralyzed facial muscles

Epilepsy

Seizures resulting from bursts of electrical signals in the brain

Stroke (CVA)

a blood vessel in the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. Brain damage due to lack of blood flow.

Tension headache

episodic or chronic

Migraines

most severe form of headache; nausea/vomiting & light sensitivity

cluster headache

severe form of migraines; attacks occur in groups

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Autoimmune attacks the PNS

Acute Renal Failure

Acute loss of kidney function; may be reversible. Can be caused by poisons or alcohol abuse

Chronic Renal Failure

Kidneys slowly lose ability to function; not reversible; Hypertension common cause

Incontinence

Inability to control urination

Cystitis

Bladder inflammation or infection

Urethritis

Bladder inflammation or infection

Urinary Tract Infection

Infection in any part of the urinary system

pyelonephritis

UTI which extends up to the kidneys

Renal Caliculi or Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones

glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys; can lead to failure