CSET 2 CR

Ecosystem of a deciduous forest, how is energy transferred from sun to the food chain

-decidious forest = forest where trees lose leaves at some point in the year (examples of trees include oak trees and maple trees)

-ecosystem: nonliving components include sunlight, water, soil, and rocks. These provide habitats, energy and nutrients to the living components of the ecosystem

-energy is transferred from the sun to the food chain through photosynthesis

-producers (plants: oak and maple tree)

-primary consumers (insects, birds, rodents, deer)

-secondary consumers (foxes and skunks)

-tertiary consumers, top of the food chain (coyotes, black bears, eagles, owls)

-decomposers (fungi) = also apart of the food chain but they serve to consume dead things at each trophic level. They provide nutrients to the soil which is then consumed by producers.

how is igneous rock formed?

-formed when magma cools and crystalizes

-can be formed intrusively or extrusively.

-intrusive = formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the earth, takes longer to cool, thousands to millions of years

-extrusive = created on surface of earth from lava. takes shorter to cool, seconds to months

how can we tell the age of an igneous rock

through radiometric dating. looks at the radioactive decay of elements found within the rocks

what geological features provide evidence of glaciers in sierra nevada

-showcase igneous rocks, granite (intrusive igneous rock)

-shapes of these mountains (sharp mountain peaks and wide valleys) and that theyre made of igenous rocks prove glaciers existed in the area

-when formed on a slope glaciers moved due to immense weight and gravity. they caused considerable amounts of erosion

-they would fall and cut through the rocks they came in contact with which woudl expose the intrusive igneous rocks that were held within the mountain

what are different types of erosion used to contribute to the sierra nevada

-small glaciers still exist in these areas, smaller because of climate conditions

-plucking: when glaciers pas through an area, they “pluck” rocks and displace them in different areas

-abrasion: glaciers scratches surface it comes in contact with, wearing the area down

-melt water: when glacier experiences melting within itself. Water is under a lot of pressure, so when it releases it comes out with extreme force, damaging the areas it comes in contact with

How to find length of AB

1. use perimeter to find x. since this is isosceles triangle we know that both sides are equal

2. simplify the equation to find x

3. substitute value of x in to find length of AB

4. do not forget to attach unit of measurement

area of the triangle

1. area of a triangle is bh/2

2. the base is line AB, do not forget unit of measurement

3. plug in numbers and simplify

4. DO NOT FORGET UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

how to find angles of ABC

1. when two parallel lines are cut by a third, called a transversal, the angles can be congruent or supplementary to each other

2. outer angle and angle B are congruent since they are both outer interior angles. So B will be the same as the number provided

3. since isosceles triangles have two equal sides, the angles on the opposite sides of the triangle are also equal. So angle A will also be the same number

4. to find angle C, use a + b + c = 180 since a triangle will be equal to 180 degrees.

spinners question

-need to find total number of outcomes for each spinner and then the favorable outcomes

-to find total number of outcomes, consider how many sides each spinner has and then multiply them to get your result (4 and 3, so 12)

-to find the probability of the numbers being equal when they are spun, find the favorable outcomes and divide by total possibilities. (3 is favorable outcomes, so 3/12. simplify to ¼ or .25, 25%

-to find probability of two spinners added together and sum is divisible by 3, find the favorable outcomes, show the math of each outcome of the spinners being added together, then divide favorable outcomes by total to find result.

Food web. What happens if coyotes are removed from the habitat and how does predator/prey relationship play into it

-absence of coyotes can have various ecological consequences.

-there would be an increased population in the herbivores, especially wit the field mice and rabbits because they have large and quick reproductive rates

-this would affect plant life, more herbivores (primary consumers) would mean more plants would be eaten at a higher rate. this would not be sustainable and the plants would be over-consumed. this would mean the herbivores would start to die out since they would die from starvation, their populations would no longer be abundant for secondary consumers

-once these populations die out, this would cause the secondary consumers like the red hawk to have a scarcity of food, so they would either leave the areas or die out as well.

-mountain lions would have to search for other means of food as well, so they would either leave the area or find another animal to heavily prey on in the area.

-without coyotes in the food web, the relative ecosystem would diminish to eventual nonexistence

-without a predator to keep the number of prey in check (ensures overpopulation would not occur), producers will not be able to sustain the food web

stove question. explain why you used an incline plane and what forces you would need to overcome

-using the planks, an incline plane simple machine can be created

-incline plane = simple machine with a sloped surface that makes upward movement easier

-using an incline plane reduces the amount of force required to move the object

-explain the drawing, the rope can be put around the stove to pull it up using ones body weight as a force to help against the force of gravity

-the rug can be placed under the stove and will assist in reducing the amount of friction from sliding the stove up the planks

-gravity = force that pushes weight down

-friction = force that results from sliding or rolling of one object over another

projectile question. what is the formula for this quadtratic equation, how to find vertex

-to find the height use y=ax²+bx+c, since a is negative we know the parabola will face downward instead of opening up

-to find vertex use formula -b/2a, that will give you an x value. substitute that x value in the quadratic equation to get y value for vertex, this this the maximum point of the parabola, also the max height.

-use factorization to find x intercepts (take time and really do your math)

-to find y intercept set x to 0 and solve.

-graph and label everything