History CIE IGCSE Exam Preparation

These flashcards cover key concepts and events relevant to the History CIE IGCSE syllabus.

How long did the Paris Peace Conference last?

Twelve months from January 1919 to January 1920.

What happened to defeated nations at the Paris Peace Conference?

The defeated nations were not invited.

Who were the 'Big Three' at the Paris Peace Conference?

Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson.

How many commissions were set up at the Paris Peace Conference?

More than 50.

How many nations were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?

32.

How many men had Britain lost in WW1?

750,000.

How much money had Britain borrowed after WW1?

£9 billion.

How many men had France lost in WW1?

1.5 million.

What had happened to North East France in WW1?

It had been devastated.

What did Georges Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference?

Clemenceau wanted to cripple Germany, return of Alsace-Lorraine, wanted Germany split into smaller states, and wanted the Rhineland, the Saarland, and Upper Silesia.

What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?

Wilson wanted to punish Germany less harshly than Clemenceau, strengthen democracy in defeated nations, set up the League of Nations, and universal adoption of the 14 points.

What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?

Lloyd George wanted to punish Germany less harshly than Clemenceau, confiscate the German navy, have Germany as a trading partner, avoid the 14 points, and have no free access to the seas.

What were some compromises at the Paris Peace Conference?

Clemenceau and Lloyd George agreed to Wilson's self-determination for eastern European countries; Wilson agreed to Clemenceau's plans for the Rhineland and Saarland.

What was the War Guilt Clause (Article 231)?

It was a term of the Treaty of Versailles.

How much in reparations was Germany liable to pay according to the Treaty of Versailles?

£6.6 billion.

What happened to Alsace-Lorraine as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

It was returned to France.

What was the Saarland's arrangement based on the Treaty of Versailles?

It was to be run by the League of Nations for 15 years.

What happened to Germany's colonies as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

All German colonies were confiscated.

What did the Treaty of Versailles limit the German army to?

100,000 men.

What was banned according to the Treaty of Versailles?

Conscription.

How many battleships was Germany allowed according to the Treaty of Versailles?

Only 6 battleships.

What was the status of the Rhineland under the Treaty of Versailles?

Demilitarised.

Why did Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles?

Due to the British naval blockade in place and fear of a Communist uprising.

What percentage of its land did Germany lose under the Treaty of Versailles?

10%.

What percentage of its population did Germany lose according to the Treaty of Versailles?

12.5%.

What percentage of its coalfields did Germany lose?

16%.

What percentage of its iron and steel industry did Germany lose?

50%.

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

It was a treaty that resulted in significant territory loss for Germany Post-WWI.

What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Versailles according to many Germans?

Unemployment increased due to limited military options.

What was one reason for the Treaty of Versailles being viewed as severe in Germany?

Many Germans felt they were not solely responsible for the war.

When was the Treaty of St Germain made?

September 1919.

What new countries were created as a result of the Treaty of St Germain?

Czechoslovakia and Poland.

What was the Army limit imposed by the Treaty of St Germain?

Limited to 30,000 men.

What was the date of the Treaty of the Trianon?

June 1920.

What land did the Treaty of the Trianon give away?

Land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania.

What was the Treaty of Neuilly regarding?

Gave land to Yugoslavia, Greece, and Romania.

What happened at the Treaty of Sevres?

Gave land to Greece, Italy, France, and disarmed Turkey.

What did the Treaty of Lausanne achieve for Turkey?

Turkey regained land and was not required to pay reparations.

What did Britain want from the League of Nations?

A simple organization for emergencies.

What did France want from the League of Nations?

A strong League with its own army.

What was the key weakness of the League of Nations?

Lack of consistent military support.

What was the Geneva Protocol?

A proposal that required member states to settle disputes in the League.

What incident initiated the Manchurian Crisis?

Japan claims China sabotaged the Manchurian Railway.

What was the outcome of the Manchurian Crisis?

Japan invaded Manchuria and set up a puppet government.

What was the significance of the Abyssinian Crisis?

Showed the League of Nations' inability to handle aggression.

What was the consequence of the Hoare-Laval Pact?

Gave Mussolini two-thirds of Abyssinia.

What were Hitler's foreign policy plans?

Abolish the Treaty of Versailles, reunite with Austria, pursue Lebensraum in Russia, and defeat Communism.

What was the result of the Saar Plebiscite?

90% voted to return to Germany.

What triggered the Munich Agreement?

Hitler's demands for territory in Czechoslovakia.

Who was not invited to the Munich Agreement?

Czechoslovakia and the USSR.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Lausanne?

Turkey was not required to disarm and did not have to pay reparations.

What did the Truman Doctrine state?

A policy to contain Communism.

What was the outcome of the Marshal Aid?

Provided over $17 billion to assist European nations.

How did the US respond to the Berlin Blockade?

By conducting the Berlin Airlift.

When did the Korean War end?

In 1953 with a truce.

What was the Tet Offensive?

A major Communist offensive in Vietnam.

What was the significance of the Bay of Pigs incident?

It was a failed invasion aimed at overthrowing Castro.

When did Castro take power?

1959.

What is the Domino Theory in regards to Vietnam?

If Vietnam fell, then Laos and Cambodia would too.

What did Vietnamisation involve?

Reducing US troop presence while equipping South Vietnamese forces.