membranes and concentration

hydrophobic

hydrophobic

molecules repelled by water

hydrophilic

molecules attracted to water

integral membrane proteins

proteins attatched to surface of membranes

protein chanels

proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer

phospholipid

a molecules that has a polar head and two non-polar tails, keeps membrane fluid at low temperatures

lipid bilayer

double layer of phospholipids that make up a membrane

plasma membrane

membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm

phagocytosis

the uptake of large molecules into the cell by surrounding them with plasma membrane to form vesicles

exocytosis

the export of large molecules from the cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

turgid

cells that have gained water and become tight

flaccid

cells that have lost water and become floppy

isotonic solution

has the same concentration of solute as inside the cell

hypertonic solution

solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell

effect of hypertonicity

causes cell to lose water and become flaccid

hypotonic

solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell

effect of hypotonicity

cell will gain water and become turgid