Psyc final (things to remember)

Walter Cannon

• first to identify bodies physiological reaction to stress

• fight or flight response

Hans Seyle

• noticed prolonged stressors caused rats to show enlarged adrenal, thymus, and lymph node shrinkage

• general adaptation syndrome - bodys nonspecific physiological response to stress

• stress is the - bodys response to any demand (physiological reaction)

• alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Seligman

• urged focus on trying to build human strength and psychological wellbeing

• positive psychology

• dogs placed in chamber

Phillip Pinnel

• promoted new understanding of nature of mental disorders

• caused by environmental factors (stress)

Fight or flight response

• prompted by deluge of epinephrine (adrenaline) and noripinephrine (noradernaline) from adrenal glands

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

• physiological mechanism of stress include wokr of this

• when hormones are activated this becomes especially active

• works slower than sympathetic nervous system

hypothalamus

• releases corticotropin - releasing factor (causes pituitary glands to release adrenocorticotropic hormone

cortisol

• can affect virtually every organ in body

• stress hormone

• helps provide boost of energy

• elevated levels weaken immune system

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe

• Social Readjustment Rating Scale

Meyer Friedman

• people prone to heart disease tend to think, feel, and act differently than those who are not

• Type A and Type B behaviors

• heart disease 7 times more frequent among Type A people

Albert Bandura

• “the intensity and chronicity of human stress is governed largely by perceived control over demands in life”

Herbert Benson

• stress reduction method called relaxation response technique

• reduces sympathetic arousal

Gary Schwartz

• biofeedback - measure neuromuscular and autonomic activity

• helps develop strategies

Thomas Szasz

• notion of mental illness was invented by society to stigmatize and subjugate people whos behaviors violats accepted norms

John Waller

• dancing mania - attributable to psyhological distress, social contagion, belief in supernatural forces

locus coeruleus

• role in neurobiological panic disorders

• major source of noripinehrine

• activation - fear and anxiety

orbitofrontal cortex

• learning and decision making

• those with OCD’s become hyperactive when evoked w tasks

• OCD curcuit

treating depressive disorder

• boost serotonin and noripinephrine activty

• lithium - blocks noripinephrine activity

Aaron Beck

• depression prone people posses depressive schemas

• disfunctional style of thinking is maintained by cognitive biases

• cognitive theory of depression

rumination

• repetitive and passive focus on the fact that one is depressed and dwelling on depressed syptoms

avolition

• lack of motivation to engage in self-initiated and meaningful activity

• bathing and grooming

alogia

• reduced speech output

• do not say much

asociality

• social withdrawl

• lack of interest in engaging social interation

anhedonia

• inability to experience pleasure

dopamine hypothesis

• overabundance of of dopamine or too many dopamine receptors - onset schizophrenia

• overabundance in limbic system

• serotonin - blocking of serotonin receptors

ventricles

• those with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles (loss of brain tissue)

frontal lobe

• cognitive functions

• planning, executing, and attention

sympathetic nervous system

• triggers arousal in response to a stressor

stress + aging

• stress can shorten telomeres

• blocking cell division

• leads to rapid aging

• shorter in those who have experienced more trauma