Solid,Liquid and Gas

This flashcard set covers the properties of solids, liquids, and gases, state changes, particle theory under heating and cooling, and the concept of diffusion based on the lecture notes.

Solid

A state of matter with low energy and a fixed volume that cannot be squashed (not compressible), cannot be poured, and does not fill its container.

Liquid

A state of matter with medium energy and a fixed volume that takes the shape of its container, can be poured, and cannot be squashed very much.

Gas

A state of matter with high energy and no fixed volume that can be squashed (compressible), can flow, and fills its whole container.

Vaporize (Evaporate)

The process that occurs when a liquid changes into a gas.

Condense

The process that occurs when a gas changes into a liquid.

Solidify (Freeze)

The process that occurs when a liquid changes into a solid.

Melt

The process that occurs when a solid changes into a liquid, caused by the gain of heat energy.

Ice

The solid state of matter of water.

Particle behavior during heating

Particles gain energy, move or vibrate faster, and spread farther apart, which causes the substance to expand.

Particle behavior during cooling

Particles lose energy, slow down, and move closer together.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out.

Fastest state for diffusion

Gas diffuses the fastest because its particles move very quickly and are far apart.

Sublimation

When a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first.

Expansion

Occurs when a substance gets bigger because it is heated.

Contraction

Occurs when a substance gets smaller because it cools.

Ball and ring demonstration

A demonstration showing that a metal ball expands when heated.

Balloon on a bottle demonstration

A demonstration showing that air inside a bottle expands when heated.

Food colouring in water

A common demonstration used to show the process of diffusion.

Perfume demonstration

A classroom example used to show gases diffusing through the air.

Deposition

The phase change where a gas turns directly into a solid.