BSC2086L E.5 Blood Vessels
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104 Terms
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artery
• Transports blood away from the heart.
• Has the thickest tunica media.
• Also known as resistance or efferent vessels.
• Has the thickest tunica media.
• Also known as resistance or efferent vessels.
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arteriole
A smaller branch of an artery.
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capillary
• The smallest blood vessel.
• Consists of a single cell endothelium supported by a thin basement membrane.
• Allows the movement of small molecules and fluid between the blood and interstitial fluid.
• Consists of a single cell endothelium supported by a thin basement membrane.
• Allows the movement of small molecules and fluid between the blood and interstitial fluid.
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vein
• Transports blood to the heart.
• Also known as capacitance or afferent vessels.
• Some contain valves.
• Also known as capacitance or afferent vessels.
• Some contain valves.
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venule
A smaller branch converging to form a larger vein.
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tunica externa
• The outermost layer of an artery wall.
• Composed of loose connective tissue and collagen fibers.
• Also known as the tunica adventitia.
• Composed of loose connective tissue and collagen fibers.
• Also known as the tunica adventitia.
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external elastic membrane
• A thin layer of elastic connective tissue.
• Found between the tunica externa and tunica media.
• Found between the tunica externa and tunica media.
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tunica media
• The middle layer of an artery wall.
• Composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
• The smooth muscle allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
• Composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
• The smooth muscle allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
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internal elastic membrane
• A thin layer of elastic connective tissue.
• Found between the tunica media and tunica interna.
• Allows the lumen of a blood vessel to stretch.
• Found between the tunica media and tunica interna.
• Allows the lumen of a blood vessel to stretch.
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tunica interna
• The innermost layer of an artery.
• Consists of an inner endothelium and an outer basement membrane.
• Also known as the tunica intima.
• Consists of an inner endothelium and an outer basement membrane.
• Also known as the tunica intima.
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endothelium
• Part of the tunica interna.
• Composes a smooth inner surface of the vessel.
• Composes a smooth inner surface of the vessel.
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valve
• Found in some veins.
• Establishes unidirectional flow of blood.
• Establishes unidirectional flow of blood.
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common carotid artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the brachiocephalic trunk (R.) or the aortic arch (L.).
• Supplies the head and neck through its branches.
• Originates from the brachiocephalic trunk (R.) or the aortic arch (L.).
• Supplies the head and neck through its branches.
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external carotid artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the common carotid artery.
• Supplies the extracranial structures through its branches.
• Laterally, the anteriormost artery of the neck.
• Originates from the common carotid artery.
• Supplies the extracranial structures through its branches.
• Laterally, the anteriormost artery of the neck.
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facial artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the skin and muscles of the face.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the skin and muscles of the face.
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maxillary artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the teeth, maxilla, oral cavity, and external ear.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the teeth, maxilla, oral cavity, and external ear.
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superficial temporal artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the chewing muscles, nasal cavity, lateral face and scalp, and dura mater.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the chewing muscles, nasal cavity, lateral face and scalp, and dura mater.
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occipital artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the posterior scalp.
• Originates from the external carotid artery.
• Supplies the posterior scalp.
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internal carotid artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the common carotid artery.
• Supplies the cerebrum through its branches.
• Laterally, the middle artery of the neck.
• Originates from the common carotid artery.
• Supplies the cerebrum through its branches.
• Laterally, the middle artery of the neck.
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vertebral artery
• An artery of the head and neck.
• Originates from the subclavian artery.
• Supplies the spinal cord, meninges, and neck muscles.
• Laterally, the posteriormost artery of the neck.
• Originates from the subclavian artery.
• Supplies the spinal cord, meninges, and neck muscles.
• Laterally, the posteriormost artery of the neck.
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superficial temporal vein
• A vein of the head and neck.
• Drains the chewing muscles and scalp.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
• Drains the chewing muscles and scalp.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
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facial vein
• A vein of the head and neck.
• Drains the skin and muscles of the face.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
• Drains the skin and muscles of the face.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
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occipital vein
• A vein of the head and neck.
• Drains the posterior scalp.
• Empties into the external jugular vein.
• Drains the posterior scalp.
• Empties into the external jugular vein.
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external jugular vein
• A vein of the head and neck.
• Drains the facial muscles and scalp.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the posteriormost vein of the neck.
• Drains the facial muscles and scalp.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the posteriormost vein of the neck.
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vertebral vein
• A vein of the head and neck (not shown).
• Drains the spinal cord and neck muscles.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the middle vein of the neck.
• Drains the spinal cord and neck muscles.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the middle vein of the neck.
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internal jugular vein
• A vein of the head and neck.
• Drains the brain, face, and neck.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the anteriormost vein of the neck.
• Drains the brain, face, and neck.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Laterally, the anteriormost vein of the neck.
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anterior cerebral artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation.
• Originates from the internal carotid artery.
• Supplies the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.
• Originates from the internal carotid artery.
• Supplies the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain.
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anterior communicating artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation (not shown).
• Connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.
• Connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.
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posterior communicating artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation (not shown).
• Connects the posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries.
• Connects the posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries.
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posterior cerebral artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation.
• Originates from the basilar artery.
• Supplies the temporal and occipital lobes, midbrain, and thalamus.
• Originates from the basilar artery.
• Supplies the temporal and occipital lobes, midbrain, and thalamus.
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middle cerebral artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation (not shown).
• Originates from the internal carotid arteries.
• Supplies the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.
• Originates from the internal carotid arteries.
• Supplies the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.
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basilar artery
• An artery of the cerebral circulation.
• Originates from the convergence of the vertebral arteries.
• Supplies the cerebellum, pons, and inner ear through its branches.
• Originates from the convergence of the vertebral arteries.
• Supplies the cerebellum, pons, and inner ear through its branches.
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superior sagittal sinus
• A vein of the cerebral circulation.
• Drains the superficial brain.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
• Drains the superficial brain.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
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inferior sagittal sinus
• A vein of the cerebral circulation.
• Drains the deep brain.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
• Drains the deep brain.
• Empties into the internal jugular vein.
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ascending aorta
• An artery of the thorax.
• Originates from the left ventricle of the heart.
• Supplies its branches.
• Originates from the left ventricle of the heart.
• Supplies its branches.
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aortic arch
• An artery of the thorax.
• Originates as the continuation of the ascending aorta.
• Supplies its branches: the brachiocephalic trunk, L. subclavian artery, and L. common carotid artery.
• Originates as the continuation of the ascending aorta.
• Supplies its branches: the brachiocephalic trunk, L. subclavian artery, and L. common carotid artery.
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brachiocephalic trunk
• An artery of the thorax.
• Originates from the aortic arch.
• Supplies its branches: the R. subclavian and R. common carotid arteries.
• Originates from the aortic arch.
• Supplies its branches: the R. subclavian and R. common carotid arteries.
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subclavian artery
• An artery of the thorax.
• Originates from the brachiocephalic trunk (R.) or the aortic arch (L.).
• Supplies its branches.
• Originates from the brachiocephalic trunk (R.) or the aortic arch (L.).
• Supplies its branches.
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thoracic aorta
• An artery of the thorax.
• Originates as the continuation of the aortic arch.
• Supplies its branches.
• Originates as the continuation of the aortic arch.
• Supplies its branches.
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subclavian vein
• A vein of the thorax.
• Drains the axillary vein.
• Empties into the brachiocephalic vein.
• Drains the axillary vein.
• Empties into the brachiocephalic vein.
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brachiocephalic vein
• A vein of the thorax.
• Drains the subclavian, external jugular, vertebral, internal jugular, and left intercostal (1-3) veins.
• Empties into the superior vena cava.
• Drains the subclavian, external jugular, vertebral, internal jugular, and left intercostal (1-3) veins.
• Empties into the superior vena cava.
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superior vena cava
• A vein of the thorax.
• Drains the azygos and brachiocephalic veins.
• Empties into the right atrium.
• Drains the azygos and brachiocephalic veins.
• Empties into the right atrium.
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celiac trunk
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the upper abdominal viscera through its branches: the L. gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.
• On the abdominal aorta, the most superior artery.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the upper abdominal viscera through its branches: the L. gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.
• On the abdominal aorta, the most superior artery.
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left gastric artery
• An artery of the abdomen (not shown).
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the stomach and inferior esophagus.
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the stomach and inferior esophagus.
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common hepatic artery
• An artery of the abdomen (not shown).
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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splenic artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the spleen, pancreas, and stomach.
• Originates from the celiac trunk.
• Supplies the spleen, pancreas, and stomach.
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superior mesenteric artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the pancreas, small intestine, and most of the colon.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the celiac trunk and superior to the suprarenal arteries.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the pancreas, small intestine, and most of the colon.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the celiac trunk and superior to the suprarenal arteries.
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suprarenal artery
• An artery of the abdomen (not shown).
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the adrenal glands.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the superior mesenteric artery and superior to the renal arteries.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the adrenal glands.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the superior mesenteric artery and superior to the renal arteries.
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renal artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the kidneys.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the suprarenal arteries and superior to the gonadal arteries.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the kidneys.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the suprarenal arteries and superior to the gonadal arteries.
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gonadal artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the ovaries (female) or testes (male).
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the renal arteries.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the ovaries (female) or testes (male).
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the renal arteries.
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lumbar artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the spinal cord and dorsal abdominal wall.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the spinal cord and dorsal abdominal wall.
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inferior mesenteric artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the distal end of the colon and rectum.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the gonadal artery and superior to the common iliac arteries.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the distal end of the colon and rectum.
• On the abdominal aorta, inferior to the gonadal artery and superior to the common iliac arteries.
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common iliac artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates as the continuation of the abdominal aorta after it forks.
• Supplies the pelvic structures and lower extremities through its branches.
• Originates as the continuation of the abdominal aorta after it forks.
• Supplies the pelvic structures and lower extremities through its branches.
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median sacral artery
• An artery of the abdomen.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the sacrum and coccyx.
• Originates from the abdominal aorta.
• Supplies the sacrum and coccyx.
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hepatic vein
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains the liver.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, the most superior veins.
• Drains the liver.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, the most superior veins.
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suprarenal vein
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains the adrenal glands.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava (R.) or the L. renal vein (L.).
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the hepatic veins and superior to the renal veins (R.).
• Drains the adrenal glands.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava (R.) or the L. renal vein (L.).
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the hepatic veins and superior to the renal veins (R.).
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renal vein
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains the kidneys.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the hepatic veins and superior to the gonadal veins.
• Drains the kidneys.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the hepatic veins and superior to the gonadal veins.
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gonadal vein
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains the ovaries (female) or testes (male).
• Empties into the inferior vena cava (R.) or the L. renal vein (L.).
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the renal veins and superior to the lumbar veins (R.).
• Drains the ovaries (female) or testes (male).
• Empties into the inferior vena cava (R.) or the L. renal vein (L.).
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the renal veins and superior to the lumbar veins (R.).
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lumbar vein
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains the spinal cord and body wall.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the gonadal veins.
• Drains the spinal cord and body wall.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• On the inferior vena cava, inferior to the gonadal veins.
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inferior vena cava
• A vein of the abdomen.
• Drains its tributaries: the hepatic, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, lumbar, and common iliac veins.
• Empties into the right atrium of the heart.
• The largest vein in the body.
• Drains its tributaries: the hepatic, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, lumbar, and common iliac veins.
• Empties into the right atrium of the heart.
• The largest vein in the body.
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median sacral vein
• A vein of the abdomen (not shown).
• Drains the sacrum and coccyx.
• Empties into the left common iliac vein.
• Drains the sacrum and coccyx.
• Empties into the left common iliac vein.
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inferior mesenteric vein
• A vein of the hepatic portal system.
• Drains the rectum and distal colon.
• Empties into the splenic vein.
• Drains the rectum and distal colon.
• Empties into the splenic vein.
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superior mesenteric vein
• A vein of the hepatic portal system.
• Drains the entire small intestine and parts of the colon and stomach.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
• Drains the entire small intestine and parts of the colon and stomach.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
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splenic vein
• A vein of the hepatic portal system.
• Drains the spleen and pancreas.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
• Drains the spleen and pancreas.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
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gastric vein
• A vein of the hepatic portal system (not shown).
• Drains the stomach.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
• Drains the stomach.
• Empties into the hepatic portal vein.
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hepatic portal vein
• A vein of the hepatic portal system.
• Drains the veins of the hepatic portal system: the inferior and superior mesenteric, splenic, and gastric veins.
• Empties into the capillary beds of liver, which drain into the hepatic veins leading back to the inferior vena cava.
• Drains the veins of the hepatic portal system: the inferior and superior mesenteric, splenic, and gastric veins.
• Empties into the capillary beds of liver, which drain into the hepatic veins leading back to the inferior vena cava.
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axillary artery
• An artery of the upper limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the subclavian artery.
• Supplies the shoulder.
• Originates as the continuation of the subclavian artery.
• Supplies the shoulder.
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brachial artery
• An artery of the upper limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the axillary artery.
• Supplies the anterior muscles of the upper arm.
• Originates as the continuation of the axillary artery.
• Supplies the anterior muscles of the upper arm.
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radial artery
• An artery of the upper limb.
• Originates from the brachial artery.
• Supplies the lateral forearm muscles.
• Originates from the brachial artery.
• Supplies the lateral forearm muscles.
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ulnar artery
• An artery of the upper limb.
• Originates from the brachial artery.
• Supplies the medial forearm muscles.
• Originates from the brachial artery.
• Supplies the medial forearm muscles.
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deep palmar arch
• An artery of the upper limb.
• Originates from the convergence of the radial and ulnar arteries.
• Supplies the palm and fingers.
• Originates from the convergence of the radial and ulnar arteries.
• Supplies the palm and fingers.
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radial vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the lateral hand and forearm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
• Drains the lateral hand and forearm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
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ulnar vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the medial hand and forearm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
• Drains the medial hand and forearm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
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brachial vein
• A vein of the upper limb (not shown).
• Drains the radial and ulnar veins.
• Empties into the axillary vein.
• Drains the radial and ulnar veins.
• Empties into the axillary vein.
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median cubital vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the forearm.
• Connects the basilic and cephalic veins at the antecubital (anterior part of elbow).
• Drains the forearm.
• Connects the basilic and cephalic veins at the antecubital (anterior part of elbow).
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basilic vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the medial arm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
• Drains the medial arm.
• Empties into the brachial vein.
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cephalic vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the lateral arm.
• Empties into the axillary vein.
• Drains the lateral arm.
• Empties into the axillary vein.
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axillary vein
• A vein of the upper limb.
• Drains the brachial and cephalic veins.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
• Drains the brachial and cephalic veins.
• Empties into the subclavian vein.
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internal iliac artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates from the common iliac artery.
• Supplies the pelvic wall and viscera.
• Originates from the common iliac artery.
• Supplies the pelvic wall and viscera.
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external iliac artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates from the common iliac artery.
• Supplies the lower limb through its branches.
• Originates from the common iliac artery.
• Supplies the lower limb through its branches.
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femoral artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the external iliac artery.
• Supplies the thigh muscles.
• Originates as the continuation of the external iliac artery.
• Supplies the thigh muscles.
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popliteal artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the femoral artery.
• Supplies the knee.
• Originates as the continuation of the femoral artery.
• Supplies the knee.
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anterior tibial artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates from the popliteal artery.
• Supplies the anterior lower leg muscles.
• Originates from the popliteal artery.
• Supplies the anterior lower leg muscles.
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dorsal pedal artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the ankle and dorsal foot.
• Originates as the continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the ankle and dorsal foot.
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posterior tibial artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates as the continuation of the popliteal artery.
• Supplies the posterior lower leg muscles.
• Originates as the continuation of the popliteal artery.
• Supplies the posterior lower leg muscles.
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fibular artery
• An artery of the lower limb (not shown).
• Originates from the posterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the lateral lower leg muscles.
• Originates from the posterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the lateral lower leg muscles.
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arcuate artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates from the dorsal pedal artery.
• Supplies the foot.
• Originates from the dorsal pedal artery.
• Supplies the foot.
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plantar arch artery
• An artery of the lower limb.
• Originates from the posterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the foot.
• Originates from the posterior tibial artery.
• Supplies the foot.
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small saphenous vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains the lateral lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
• Drains the lateral lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
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posterior tibial vein
• A vein of the lower limb (not shown).
• Drains the posterior lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
• Drains the posterior lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
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fibular vein
• A vein of the lower limb (not shown).
• Drains the lateral lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
• Drains the lateral lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
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anterior tibial vein
• A vein of the lower limb (not shown).
• Drains the anterior lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
• Drains the anterior lower leg.
• Empties into the popliteal vein.
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popliteal vein
• A vein of the lower limb (not shown).
• Drains all of the lower leg veins.
• Empties into the femoral vein.
• Drains all of the lower leg veins.
• Empties into the femoral vein.
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great saphenous vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains the medial lower leg and thigh.
• Empties into the femoral vein.
• Longest vein of the body.
• Drains the medial lower leg and thigh.
• Empties into the femoral vein.
• Longest vein of the body.
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femoral vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains the deep thigh muscles.
• Empties into the external ilaic vein.
• Drains the deep thigh muscles.
• Empties into the external ilaic vein.
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external iliac vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains all of the lower limb veins.
• Empties into the common iliac vein.
• Drains all of the lower limb veins.
• Empties into the common iliac vein.
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internal iliac vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains the pelvic wall and viscera.
• Empties into the common iliac vein.
• Drains the pelvic wall and viscera.
• Empties into the common iliac vein.
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common iliac vein
• A vein of the lower limb.
• Drains the pelvic cavity and leg veins.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
• Drains the pelvic cavity and leg veins.
• Empties into the inferior vena cava.
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placenta
• Part of the fetal circulation.
• Contains capillaries from the mother and allows for the exchange of resources between the mother and the fetus.
• Contains capillaries from the mother and allows for the exchange of resources between the mother and the fetus.
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umbilical vein
• Part of the fetal circulation.
• Carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta through the umbilical cord.
• Carries oxygen and nutrients from the placenta through the umbilical cord.
