Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Bottom-up processing
when the brain processes sensory information and uses clues to understand stimuli
Top-down processing
perceiving things based on your prior experiences and knowledge
Schemas
Mental process that helps us process and organize info around us through mental representation
Context
The thing or setting in which an event occurs that can influence perception
Perceptual Sets
our tendency to perceive some aspects of sensory data and ignore others
Gestalt Psychology
we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
Closure
When individuals fill the blank
Figure and Ground
ability to distinguish an object from its background
Proximity
Objects close together are seen as belonging in one group
Similarity
When things appear similar to each other we group them as together and think they have the same function
Attention
The brains ability to focus on stimuil
Selective attention
allows one to focus on certain sensory info while ignoring the others
Cocktail Party Effect
Ability to concentrate on one voice amongst a crowd
inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
change blindness
when people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene
Binocular depth cues
stimuli that enable us to judge depth using both eyes
Retinal Disparity
the slight difference in the two retinal images due to the angle from which each eye views an object
Convergence
Explores how the brain integrates multiple sensory inputs. (sounds
Depth perception
the ability to see objects in 3 dimensions including their size & how far away they are from you
Monocular Depth cues
depth cues that are able to be perceived without both eyes
Relative Clarity
Objects that appear sharp
Relative Size
Depth cues in which we perceive distance based on comparison of sizes between objects
Texture Gradient
the gradual change in the visual texture of an object or surface as it recedes in depth from the observer
linear perspective
Depth prompt that the human eye perceives when viewing two parallel lines that appear to meet at a distance.
Interposition
if one object partially blocks our view of another
color constancy
the ability to recognize colors despite changes in lighting
Size Constancy
the tendency to interpret an object as always being the same actual size
Apparent movement
An illusion of movement perception that occurs when stimuli in different locations are flashed one after another with the proper timing.
Concept
A verbal or written understanding of abstract thought
Assimilation
The process of processing new information into cognitive structures called schemas
Accommodation
adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
Algorithms
step-by-step formulas or procedures for solving problems that gurantee a correct solution
Heuristics
Problem Solving methods that are based on practical/ experiences/Knowledge
representativeness heuristic
A mental short cut we use when estimating probabilities
Availability Heuristic
Cognitive bias that helps us make fast but sometime wrong assessment
Mental Set
Tendency to stick with the most familiar solution to a problem and ignore other options
Priming
An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus
Framing
When people react differently to something depending on whether something it is negative or positive
Gambler's Fallacy
the mistaken belief that a random event will occur simply because a series of events leading up has taken place
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
Our tendency to follow through on something we've already invested heavily in even if giving up it better
Executive Function
Skills that you use to manage everyday task like making plans solving problems adapting to new situations
Goal Directed Behaviors
Ability to act with a purpose or intention to achieve a specific outcome
Critical Thinking
Thinking in which you question
Creativity
To produce or develop original work
Divergent Thinking
A thought process in which you can use to generate creative ideas by exploring many solutions
Convergent Thinking
focuses on reaching one well-defined solution to a problem
Functional Fixedness
a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used
Intelligence
The ability to learn from and adapt to situations and to use that knowledge to create a desired outcome
general intelligence
the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
a standard measure of an individual's intelligence level based on psychological tests
Mental age
The age level of an individual mental ability
Chronological Age
a measure of an individual's age based on the calendar date on which he or she was born
Standardization
the process of making a test uniform
Validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Construct Validity
the extent to which your test or measure accurately assesses what it's supposed to
Predictive Validity
the extent to which a measure or test accurately predicts future behavior
Reliability
the consistency of the findings or results of a psychology research study.
test-retest reliability
using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency
split-half reliability
A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both half are compared.
Stereotype threat
The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual's racial
Stereotype Lift
an increase in a group's test performance due to not being part of a negative stereotype
Flynn Effect
The observes rise over time in which standardized intelligence test score
Achievement Tests
tests that measure a person's existing knowledge and skills
Aptitude Tests
tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
Fixed Mindset
the idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change
Growth Mindset
People who believe that their success depends on time and effort
Note 
Flashcard (72)