Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy

Study of the structure of the human body

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

Study of structures visible to the naked eye

Microscopic anatomy

Study of structures using a microscope

Surface anatomy

Study of external body features (skin)

State each of the nine regions

1. Right hypochondriac

2. Epigastrium

3. Left hypogastrium

4. Right lumbar region

5. Umbilical region

6. Left lumbar region

7. Right iliac region

8. Hypogastrium

9. Left iliac region

Organs in Right Hypogastrium

Liver and gallbladder

Organs in epigastrium

Stomach, liver

Organs in left Hypogastrium

Spleen, stomach

Organs in right lumbar region

Right kidney and intestine

Organs in Umbilical region

intestines

Organs in left lumbar region

Left kidney and intestine

Organs in Right iliac region

Appendix, intestine and ovaries

Organs in hypogastrium

Urinary bladder and uterus (females)

Organs in left iliac region

Intestines and ovaries

Regional Anatomy

Study of the body region by region

Upper limb parts

Arms, forearms and head

Trunk parts

Thorax, abdomen, pelvis and thigh

Lower limb parts

Leg and foot

Systemic Anatomy

Study of organ systems

Cytology

Study of cells

Application of cytology

Pap smear

Histology

Study of tissues

Application of HIstology

Biopsy of tissue cells under microscope

Physiology

Study of functions in human body from cellular to systemic levels

Cell physiology

Function of cells

Histophysiology

Function of tissues

System physiology

Function of organ system

Pathophysiology

Dysfunction within organ system

Levels of organisation

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism level

Chemical level.

Cellular level

Atoms and molecules

Basic units of life

Tissue level

Organ level

Group of cells working together

Organs working together as a system