Chapter 17: Cardiovascular System - Blood Practice Assessment Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering blood components, formed elements, plasma proteins, hemostasis, and blood typing concepts based on Chapter 17 notes.

Neutrophil

A leukocyte with a multilobed nucleus that phagocytizes pathogens and releases enzymes.

Eosinophil

A leukocyte that targets parasitic worms, phagocytizes allergens, and responds during allergic reactions.

Basophil

A leukocyte that releases histamine and heparin during an inflammatory reaction.

Monocyte

A leukocyte that leaves the blood, becomes a macrophage, and phagocytizes pathogens.

Lymphocyte

A leukocyte developing from the lymphoid stem-cell line that includes B cells, T cells, and NK cells.

Erythrocyte

A round, biconcave formed element that survives about 120 days and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Thrombocyte

A disc-shaped cell fragment involved in blood clotting.

Albumin

A plasma protein that supports colloid osmotic pressure and blood volume, contributing directly to fluid retention.

Fibrinogen

A soluble plasma protein converted by thrombin into insoluble clot fibers.

Globulin

A plasma protein that transports lipids and ions or functions as antibodies.

Hematocrit

The percentage of total blood volume composed of red blood cells.

Hematopoiesis

The process of producing blood cells in red bone marrow.

Erythropoietin

The hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

Hemocytoblast

A pluripotent blood-forming stem cell.

Agglutination

The clumping that occurs when antibodies bind foreign antigens on red blood cells during an incompatible reaction.

Vascular Spasm

Phase one of hemostasis characterized by vasoconstriction of damaged blood vessels.

Fibrin

The stabilized protein network of a blood clot formed from fibrinogen.

Fibrinolysis

The process of clot dissolution in which plasmin breaks down fibrin.

Blood

A specialized body fluid circulating through the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, delivering essential oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

The pulling force exerted by large proteins in the blood that draws water back into the bloodstream.

Hemostasis

The body's natural process that stops bleeding and heals injured blood vessels.

Antigen

Any substance, such as a protein or sugar, that triggers the immune system to launch a defense.

Anticoagulant

A blood thinner that decreases the blood's ability to form clots.

Buffy Coat

The thin middle layer formed after centrifuging blood, consisting of leukocytes and platelets, situated between plasma and red blood cells.

Serum

The liquid component of blood that differs from plasma by lacking clotting factors.

Plasmin

A substance that dissolves a clot by breaking down fibrin.

von Willebrand Factor

A factor that helps platelets bind to exposed collagen fibers during platelet plug formation.