Cat Musculature- Origin, Insertion, Function

External Intercostal

Origin: Rib

Insertion: Rib

Function: Draws ribs craniad

External oblique

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and ribs

Insertion: Aponeurosis on the linea alba

Function: Compresses abdominal viscera

Internal intercostal

Origin: Rib

Insertion: Rib

Function: Draws ribs caudad

Internal oblique

Origin: Pelvis and lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Aponeurosis on the linea alba

Function: Compresses abdominal viscera

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Sternum and costal cartilages

Function: Flexes trunk and compresses abdominal viscera

Transversus

Origin: Ilium, lumbar, vertebrae, and posterior ribs

Insertion: Linea alba

Function: Compresses abdominal viscera

Clavobranchialis

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Proximal end of ulna

Function: Draws humerus craniad

Pectoantebrachialis

Origin: Maubrium

Insertion: Fascia of forelimb near the elbow

Function: Adducts and rotates the forelimb

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Cranial sternebrae

Insertion: Proximal half of humerus

Function: Adducts and rotates the forelimb

Pectoralis minor

Origin: Caudal sternebrae

Insertion: Proximal half of humerus

Function: Adducts and rotates the forelimb

Xiphihumeralis

Origin: Xiphoid process

Insertion: Proximal end of humerus

Function: Adducts and rotates the forelimb

Cleidomastoid

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process

Function: Rotates head

Cricothyroid

Origin: Cricoid cartilage

Insertion: Thyroid cartilage

Function: Moves the larynx

Digastric

Origin: Mastoid and jugular processes of occipital

Insertion: Mandible

Function: Depresses the lower jaw

Geniohyoid

Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Hyoid

Function: Draws Hyoid craniad

Hyoglossus

Origin: Hyoid

Insertion: Tongue

Function: Retracts the tongue

Mylohyoid

Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Median raphe

Function: Elevates floor of mouth

Sternohyoid

Origin: Manubrium of sternum

Insertion: Hyoid

Function: Draws Hyoid caudad

Sternomastoid

Origin: Manubrium of sternum

Insertion: Lambdoidal ridge and Mastoid process

Function: Rotates head

Sternothyroid

Origin: Manubrium of sternum

Insertion: Thyroid cartilage

Function: Draws larynx caudad

Thyrohyoid

Origin: Thyroid cartilage

Insertion: Hyoid

Function: Draws larynx craniad

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Mandible

Function: Elevates lower jaw

Temporalis

Origin: Lambdoidal crest and Zygomatic process of frontal bone

Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

Function: Elevates lower jaw

Acromiodeltoid

Origin: Acromion process of scapula

Insertion: Humerus

Function: Flexes and rotates humerus

Acromiotrapezius

Origin: Neural spines of cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Metacromion process and spine of scapula

Function: Draws scapula dorsally and medially

Clavotrapezius

Origin: Nuchal line of skull and dorsal midline of neck

Insertion: Clavicle

Function: Draws humerus craniad

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: Rotates the humerus

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and neural spines of the last thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Medial surface of humerus

Function: Elevates the arm and draws it caudad

Levator scapulae ventralis

Origin: Occipital bone and transverse processes of atlas

Insertion: Metracromion process

Function: Draws scapula craniad

Rhomboideus

Origin: Neural spines of thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Ventral border of scapula

Function: Draws scapula dorsally

Phomboideus capitis

Origin: Superior Nuchal line

Insertion: Angle of scapula

Function: Draws scapula craniad

Spinodeltoid

Origin: Spine of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid ridge of humerus

Function: Elevates and rotates the humerus

Spinotrapezius

Origin: Neural spines of the thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Fascia around scapula

Function: Draws scapula dorsally and caudad

Spenius

Origin: Mid-dorsal fascia of the neck

Insertion: Nuchal line

Function: Turns and elevates head

Supreaspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: Extends the humerus

Teres minor

Origin: Axillary border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus

Function: Rotates humerus

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process

Insertion: Proximal end of humerus

Function: Adducts humerus

Scalenus posterior

Origin: Rib 3

Insertion: Cervical vertebrae

Function: Flexes neck, draws ribs craniad

Scalenus medius

Origin: Ribs 6-9

Insertion: Cervical vertebrae

Function: Flexes neck, draws ribs craniad

Scalenus anterior

Origin: Ribs 2 and 3

Insertion: Cervical vertebrae

Function: Flexes neck, draws ribs craniad

Serratus ventralis

Origin: First ten ribs

Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula

Function: Draws scapula ventrally and craniad

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Function: Draws humerus medially

Teres major

Origin: Axillary border of scapula

Insertion: Medial surface of humerus

Function: Draws humerus medially

Transversus costarum

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: First rib

Function: Draws sternum craniad

Biceps brachii

Origin: Border of Glenoid fossa

Insertion: Tuberosity of radius

Function: Flexes forearm

Brachialis

Origin: Lateral surface of humerus

Insertion: Below semilunar notch of ulna

Function: Flexes forearm

Epitrochlearis

Origin: Lateral surface of latissimus dorsi

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Function: Rotates ulna

Triceps brachii

Origin: Shaft of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process

Function: Extends forearm

Triceps brachii- Lateral head

Origin: Deltoid ridge of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process

Function: Extends forearm

Triceps brachii- Medial head

Origin: Axillary border of scapula

Insertion: olecranon process

Function: Extends forearm

Triceps brachii- Long head

Origin: Humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process

Function: Extends forearm

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: Lateral surface of radius and ulna

Insertion: First metacarpal

Function: Abducts the forelimb

Brachioradialis

Origin: Middle of humerus

Insertion: Distal end of radius

Function: Supinator of the manus

Extensor Carpi radialis brevis

Origin: Distal portion of the humerus

Insertion: Third metacarpal

Function: Extends the manus

Extensor Carpi radialis longus

Origin: Distal end of humerus

Insertion: Second metacarpal

Function: Extends the manus

Extensor Carpi ulnaris

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Fifth metacarpal

Function: Extends the manus

Extensor digiti secundi

Origin: Proximal end of ulna

Insertion: Middle phalanx of second digit

Function: Extends second digit

Extensor digitorum communis

Origin: Distal portion of the humerus

Insertion: Digits II-V

Function: Extends the manus

Extensor digitorum lateralis

Origin: Distal portion of the humerus

Insertion: Digits II-V

Function: Extends the digits of the manus

Extensor pollicis

Origin: Proximal end of ulna

Insertion: Middle phalanx of the first digit

Function: Extends first digit

Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Radius

Function: Supinator of the manus

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Digits II and III

Function: Flexes the manus

Flexor Carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna

Insertion: Carpal pisiform bone

Function: Flexes the manus

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: Five heads: 1 head ulna, 3 heads humerus, & 1 head radius

Insertion: Digits II-V

Function: Flexes the manus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and surface of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: Digits II-V

Function: Flexes the manus

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Medial border of radius

Function: Pronates the manus

Biceps femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal third of tibia

Function: Flexes the shank, abducts thigh

Caudofemoralis

Origin: Proximal caudal vertebrae

Insertion: Patella

Function: Abducts thigh

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Last sacral and first caudal vertebra

Insertion: Fascia lata

Function: Abducts thigh

Gluteus medius

Origin: Iliac crest, sacral, and first caudal vertebrae

Insertion: Greater trochanteric of femur

Function: Abducts thigh

Tensor fasciae latae

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Fascia lata

Function: Extends the fascia lata

Tenuissimus

Origin: Second caudal vertebra

Insertion: Proximal tibia

Function: Flexes the shank

Adductor femoris

Origin: Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Ventral surface of femus

Function: Adducts thigh

Adductor longus

Origin: Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Femur

Function: Adducts thigh

Gracilis

Origin: Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Fascia of lower thigh

Function: Adducts thigh

Iliopsoas

Origin: Lumbar vertebrae and ilium

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Function: Flexes and rotates thigh

Pectineus

Origin: Pubis

Insertion: Shaft of femus

Function: Adduct thigh

Rectus femoris

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Patella

Function: Extends lower leg

Satorius

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: Patella and Proximal tibia

Function: Adducts and rotates thigh

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Medial epicondyle of femur and proximal tibia

Function: Extends thigh

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Tibia

Function: Flexes lower leg

Vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, & vastus medialis

Origin: Femur

Insertion: Patella

Function: Extends lower leg

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of femur

Insertion: Digits II-V

Function: Extends digits

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: Middle tibia and head of fibula

Insertion: Digits I-V

Function: Flexes digits

Flexor Hallucis longus

Origin: Tibia and fibula

Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Function: Flexes digits

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Femur and tendon of plantaris

Insertion: Calcaneum

Function: Extends food

Peroneus group

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Metatarsals

Function:Some flex foot, some extend foot

Plantaris

Origin: Patella and femur

Insertion: Calcaneum

Function: Flexes digits

Soleus

Origin: Proximal fibula

Insertion: Calcaneum

Function: Extends foot

Tibialis anterior

Origin: Proximal tibia and fibula

Insertion: First metatarsal

Function: Dorsiflexes foot

Tibialis posterior

Origin: Tibia and fibula

Insertion: Tarsals

Function: Extends foot