Exam 2 CSD 115

Characteristics of Articulation Disorders

Errors are made consistently, mistakes are made because of lack of motor control and practice. Words are still able to be understood when listened to.

Characteristics of Phonological Disorders

Child produces many speech sound errors making speech difficult to understand (Even Unintelligible). Errors are not random, but are predictable. They reflect patterns, also called rules or processes.

Other speech sound disorders due to neurological or physical differences:

Cleft lip and/or palate, Dysarthria, Apraxia, Hearing Loss.

Articulation disorder errors:

Substitutions, Omissions, Distortions, Additions.

Phonological Processes:

Syllable Shape, Substitution.

Syllable Shape Process Types

Final Consonant Deletion, Reduplication, Consonant Cluster Simplification.

Subsitution Process types

Stopping, Fronting, Gliding of Liquids.

Final Consonant Deletion

Removing the last consonant of a word

Reduplication

Typically involves replacing the second syllable of a word by repeating the first.

Consonant Cluster Simplification

A process where one removes a consonant when it is followed by another consonant in order to make it easier to say.

Stopping

Producing a stop sound instead of a fricative (Instead of zzzzzz, sth).

Fronting

Producing a sound made in the front of the mouth (Alveolar ridge) instead of in the back of the mouth (Velars). (Instead of cat, tat).

Gliding of Liquids

Producing a glide sound (w,y) instead of a liquid (l,r).

Acquired Apraxia of speech:

Speech programming problem associated with brain damage in frontal lobe.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Can be neurological or not.

Hearing Loss Symptoms and Effects:

Difficulty hearing and producing vocal distinctions, vowel distinctions, and sounds that look alike on the mouth.