The Impact of WWI on Global Politics and Society

World War I

First global conflict involving multiple nations.

Global War

Conflict affecting countries worldwide, interconnected events.

Human Suffering

Endless pain and loss experienced during conflicts.

Environmental Catastrophe

Severe damage to ecosystems caused by warfare.

Coping Mechanisms

Strategies to deal with trauma and destruction.

Imperialism

Expansion of empires for political and economic dominance.

Industrialism

Economic system based on industrial production and technology.

Nationalism

Strong identification with one's nation and culture.

Central Powers

Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire.

Allied Powers

Alliance of Britain, France, Russia, and later Italy.

Total War

War requiring full societal and economic mobilization.

Trench Warfare

Combat strategy involving deep trenches for defense.

Technological Innovation

Advancements in technology impacting warfare strategies.

Conscription

Mandatory enlistment of individuals into military service.

Armenian Genocide

Mass killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire.

Militaristic Leaders

Political figures advocating for aggressive military action.

Naval Buildup

Expansion of naval forces to assert dominance.

Preemptive Strike

Attack initiated to prevent potential future threats.

Mobilization

Preparation and organization of troops for war.

Chemical Warfare

Use of chemical agents to harm or kill enemies.

Machine Guns

Automatic firearms with high rates of fire.

Aerial Warfare

Combat conducted in the air using aircraft.

Civilian Soldier

Non-military individuals contributing to war efforts.

Home Front

Civilian sector supporting the military during war.

Heir Assassination

Trigger event leading to the outbreak of WWI.

Industrial Output

Production levels of goods for wartime needs.

War Casualties

Total number of deaths and injuries in conflict.

Paul Nash

Canadian soldier and artist known for war propaganda.

We Are Making a New World

1918 painting symbolizing hope amidst destruction.

Russian Revolution

Overthrow of the Romanov dynasty in 1917.

Fall of the Romanovs

Collapse of the Russian imperial family during revolution.

Wartime Scarcity

Economic shortages exacerbated by World War I.

Food Shortages

Lack of food resources leading to public unrest.

Nicholas II

Last Emperor of Russia, abdicated in 1917.

Provisional Government

Temporary government formed after Nicholas II's abdication.

Bolsheviks

Left-wing socialists led by Lenin and Trotsky.

Trotsky

Key Bolshevik leader advocating for revolution.

Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks, promised peace and land.

Soviets

Workers councils that represented the proletariat.

Bourgeois Revolution

Term used by Bolsheviks to describe capitalist uprising.

Immigrant Experience

Challenges faced by migrants, including family separation.

Chinese Rail Workers

Exploited laborers in America during the 19th century.

Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

Hostility towards immigrants, leading to restrictive policies.

Migration by the Numbers

Statistics showing global migration trends from 1840s-1940s.

Demographic Transformation

Significant changes in population distribution and identity.

Urban Growth

Rapid increase in city populations and infrastructure.

Cultural Hub

Cities as centers for arts, education, and culture.

Discontent with Imperialism

Resistance movements against colonial rule in Africa.

Anglo-Boer War

Conflict between British and Boer settlers in South Africa.

Afrikaner Republic

Dutch settlers in South Africa discovering gold.

Concentration Camps

Facilities for detaining Afrikaners and Africans during war.

War Correspondent

Journalists reporting on war atrocities and events.

Boxer Uprising

Anti-Western revolt in China by martial arts groups.

Spheres of Influence

Areas where foreign powers hold exclusive trading rights.

Taiping Rebellion

Chinese civil war against Qing dynasty, similar to Boxers.

Qing Dynasty

Last imperial dynasty of China, supported by Boxers.

Spiritual Armor

Belief in invulnerability to weapons among Boxers.

Red Lanterns

Women supporting Boxers, countering Western influence.

Western Intervention

Foreign powers stopping the Boxer Uprising in 1900.

The Woman Question

Debate on women's rights and equality in society.

Olympe de Gouges

Early advocate for women's rights in France.

Imperialism

Ideology supporting territorial expansion and dominance.

Colonization

Process of establishing control over new territories.

Economic Gain

Motivation for European countries to exploit Africa's resources.

Natural Resources

Ivory and rubber sought by Europeans in Africa.

Civilizing Mission

Effort to convert non-Western peoples to Christianity.

Othering

Viewing other cultures as inferior based on differences.

The White Man's Burden

Imperialist justification for colonization, popularized by Kipling.

Frederick Lugard

British military leader advocating for imperial rule.

Female Suffragist Campaigns

Movements advocating for women's voting rights.

Contraception Use

Increasingly adopted by women to control reproduction.

Berlin Conference

1884-1885 meeting to regulate African colonization.

Imperial Powers

European nations competing for African territories.

Congo Basin

Designated as neutral territory during colonization.

African Resistance

Efforts by Africans to oppose European control.

Capitulate

To surrender or negotiate under pressure.

Lat Dior

Senegalese leader opposing French railroad construction.

Menelik II

Ethiopian emperor who defeated Italian invasion.

Military Tactics

Strategies affecting resistance success against colonizers.

Herero and Nama Genocide

1904-1908 extermination of Herero and Nama people.

Collective Punishment

Punishing a group for actions of individuals.

Namid Desert

Location where Herero and Nama were forced to die.

Concentration Camps

Detention centers for Herero and Nama people.

UN Recognition

1985 acknowledgment of genocide against Herero and Nama.

Imperial Governance

European control ignoring local political and cultural borders.

Yoruba Division

Splitting of Yoruba people between French and British territories.

Mandara

Region split between Nigeria and Cameroon.

Imperial Administration

Governance by colonial powers over territories.

Men on the Spot

Colonial agents acting independently in Africa.

Self-Sufficiency

Colonial goal for economic independence.

Congo Free State

Territory ruled by King Leopold II for profit.

King Leopold II

Belgian king responsible for Congo atrocities.

Red Rubber System

Quota system for rubber and ivory collection.

Force Publique

Private army enforcing colonial laws in Congo.

Atrocities in the Congo

Mass killings and abuses under Leopold's rule.

Social Darwinism

Ideology justifying imperial expansion and dominance.

Orientalism

Viewing non-Western cultures as exotic and primitive.

Berlin Conference

1884-1885 meeting to regulate European colonization.

The African Diaspora

Global dispersion of Africans due to colonization.

Nationalism

Strong identification with one's nation or culture.