Biology Chapter 1: The Study of Life & Microscope (Test 1)

Biology

The study of life.

Worldview

A way of seeing and interpreting all aspects of life that arises out of an overarching narrative.

Creation Mandate

The biblical command for humans to exercise dominion over the earth and use science to serve others.

Cells (Attribute of Life)

All living things are made of at least one cell containing specific structures and parts.

Reproduction (Attribute of Life)

Life comes from preexisting life as parent cells combine to form new organisms.

Metabolism (Attribute of Life)

The sum of an organism's chemical processes, including energy use for respiration, growth, and movement.

Organization (Attribute of Life)

The use of energy and information to maintain order and prevent the body from falling apart.

Growth (Attribute of Life)

The assembling of parts and the replacement of worn-out or damaged cells.

Response (Attribute of Life)

The ability of living things to adapt or change in response to their environment.

Requirement for Life

An organism must possess all six attributes of life to be considered alive.

Energy Sources for Life

Food and the sun.

Biological Information

DNA or RNA molecules that store genetic data.

Hypothesis

A simple, testable statement that predicts an answer to a question being investigated.

Theory

A model that attempts to explain a set of observations.

Scientific Law

A description, often mathematical, based on repeated observations of relationships between phenomena.

Scientific Survey

A sampling of data gathered from an existing group of data.

Scientific Inquiry Process

1. Ask a question, 2. Do research, 3. Experiment, 4. Analyze the data, 5. Publish the results.

Impact of Worldview on Science

"A scientist's core perspective acts as a framework that shapes the questions they ask, dictates how they explain their results, and determines how their research is used to solve real-world problems."

Environmentalism

A movement that seeks to protect the natural environment, sometimes at the expense of human needs.

Conservation

The preservation and wise use of natural resources with consideration for human needs.

Biotechnology

The use of living systems and organisms to produce new products and technologies.

Bioethics

The study of controversial issues arising from advances in biology and medicine.

Biblical Ethics Triad

Composed of biblical principles, biblical outcomes, and biblical motivations.

Secular Bioethics Principles

Respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Eyepiece / Ocular Lens (8)

The lens at the top you look through, typically providing 10× magnification.

Eyepiece Tube / Body Tube (1)

Connects the ocular lens to the objective lenses.

Arm (9)

Supports the tube and connects it to the base; used for carrying the microscope.

Nosepiece (2)

A rotating turret that holds and switches between the different objective lenses.

Objective Lenses (3)

Primary magnification lenses (typically ranging from 4×, 10×, to 40×).

Stage (5)

The flat platform where the slide is placed for viewing.

Stage Clips (4)

Metal clips that hold the glass slide securely in place on the stage.

Diaphragm (6)

Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen.

Illuminator (7)

The light source located at the base, directing light upward through the stage.

Coarse Focus Knob (10)

Moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into broad focus (used with low power).

Fine Focus Knob (11)

Used for subtle adjustments to bring the image into sharp clarity (used with high power).

Base (12)

The bottom of the microscope.