Transcription Regulation in Eukaryotes – A Primer

These flashcards cover key concepts related to transcription regulation in eukaryotes, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation, the role of chromatin, and the various factors affecting gene expression.

Gene Regulation

The processes that control the timing and amount of gene expression.

Transcription Factors

Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression.

Euchromatin

Less compacted chromatin that is accessible for transcription.

Heterochromatin

Tightly packed chromatin that is generally not transcribed.

Nucleosome

A structural unit of chromatin consisting of a segment of DNA wrapped around a core histone protein complex.

Histone Acetylation

A modification of histones that reduces their interaction with DNA, leading to increased transcription.

DNA Methylation

The addition of a methyl group to DNA, which typically represses gene transcription.

Enhancers

DNA sequences that, when bound by transcription factors, enhance the transcription of associated genes.

Co-activators

Proteins that assist transcription factors in the activation of gene transcription.

Chromatin Remodeling

The dynamic alteration of chromatin structure that affects gene accessibility and transcription.

Operons

A group of genes that operate together in prokaryotes; absent in eukaryotes.

Developmental Gene Regulation

Long-term gene regulation that is crucial for development and cellular differentiation.