Ch. 10 Biological Rhythms and Sleep

zeitgeber.

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

shorter; REM

Infant sleep is characterized by _______ sleep cycles than those of adults, with proportionally more _______ sleep.

sustained sleep (unable to wake).

A lesion made to the reticular formation will result in a cortical EEG pattern of

large-amplitude delta waves.

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

REM

Nightmares are associated with _______ sleep.

alpha

The characteristic EEG recording obtained from subjects who are relaxed with their eyes closed is called the

They directly detect light without being connected to photoreceptors.

The retinohypothalamic pathway projects to the suprachiasmatic nucleus to signal the presence or absence of light. What makes the ganglion neurons in this pathway special?

visual imagery and intense emotion.

Dreams experienced during REM sleep are characterized by

pontine

The _______ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep.

the immediate onset of REM.

The sudden attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by

stage 3 (SWS)

In humans, somnambulism usually occurs during _______ sleep.