Emergency Critical Care VTNE

Triage means…

to sort

Major bleeding, shock, or toxin ingestion is what classification?

1

Patients that are stable, but may regress to critical, such as chronic v/d, trauma, unsuccessful urination are what classification?

2

Generally non-critical patients that still need treatment are what classification?

3

Non-urgent cases that will eventually need treatment are what classification?

4

Emergent cases must receive care or be re-evaluated how often?

5-15 minutes

Airway management, chest compressions, and ventilation is what type of CPR?

basic life support

What is basic life support with the addition of ECG, drugs, defibrillation, and post-ressusitation management?

advanced life support

What should be addressed first in ABC?

circulation

What is the ventilation ratio when doing mouth to snout ventilation?

30:2

Intubated patients should have breaths at what bpm?

10

(T/F) You should stop compressions when breaths are given with an ET tube.

false

What is the average compression rate?

100-120

CPR is delivered without interruption for how long?

2 minutes

Large and giant breed dogs should have hands placed where?

widest point of chest

In barrel-chested dogs hands are placed where?

directly over the heart

In keel-chested dogs, where are the hands placed?

directly over the heart

For cats and small dogs, what kind of compressions are preferred?

circumferential

What monitors are most effective for ALS?

ecg and etco2

What BP monitors should not be used when performing CPR?

oscillometric

What are the 4 rhythms that require CPR?

asystole, pulseless electrical activity (pea), ventricular fibrillation (vfib), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pvt)

What is ETCO2 during CPR?

more than 15 mmhg

What should not be used on defibrillator paddles?

alcohol and ultrasound gel

For defibrillation, use the ________ paddles that will fit on the chest.

largest

What position should the patient be in for defibrillation?

dorsal recumbency

(T/F) Defibrillation is recommended over anti-arrythmic drugs.

true

What is done after defibrillation before a rhythm check is performed?

2 minutes of bls

What are the 2 types of defibrillators?

monoplastic and unidirectional current

What is the dose for defibrillators?

4-6j/kg

When giving a drug ET, how does it compare to the IV dose?

double

(T/F) IC is a common route to take.

false

What drug increases peripheral vasoconstriction via stimulation of a1 receptors to allow more blood flow to the heart, lungs and brain?

epinephrine

What is used to remember what drugs can be given ET?

navel

What drug treats asystole and pulseless electrical activity?

epinepherine

What drug is directed at increasing systemic vascular resistance to increase coronary and cerebral blood flow and is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and does NOT affect heart rate or contractility and does not increase myocardial oxygen demand?

vasopressin

What drug is used in patients with CPA related to increased vagal tone and associated asystole or pulseless electrical activity, and also teats the symptoms of bradycardia?

atropine

What drug is most often used to treat ventricular tachycardia in dogs?

lidocaine

Amiodarrone is what kind of drug?

antiarrhythmic

What is an alkalization agent used in prolonged situations (over 10-15 minutes) and corrects metabolic acidosis?

sodium bicarbonate

What is the benzodiazepine reversal?

flumazil

(T/F) Corticosteroid use is greatly recommended during CPR.

false

What happens in cases of reperfusion of tissues?

inflammation and oxidative injury

What shock is due to underlying heart disease causing impaired cardiac output?

cardiogenic shock

What shock occurs secondary to severe infection, such as GI perforation, infected bite wounds, pneumonia or parvovirus infection?

septic shock

What type of hypovolemic shock is caused by a neuroendocrine response releasing hormones that increase HR, contractility, constriction, and vascular volume?

compensatory

What type of hypovolemic shock occurs when compensatory efforts are failed?

decompensatory shock

What is the shock organ in cats?

lungs

What is the shock organ in dogs?

gi tract

What type of shock occurs from maldistribution of blood flow from inappropriate vasodilation leading to pooling of blood in the capillaries?

distributive shock

What type of shock occurs when venous return to the heart is impaired?

obstructive shock

What is defined by inflammatory mediators being released into the bloodstream, recruits WBC and platelets that injure the endothelial lining of vessels, and occlude blood flow?

systemic inflammatory response

What can result from platelets occluding blood flow to organs?

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

What is triggered by systemic activation of the coagulation system?

desseminated intravascular coagulation

What is the deregulation of the bodys natural mechanisms of blood clotting and blood clot dissolving?

dic

What is defined by a clot travelling from a larger clot in the heart and getting stuck in the saddle?

saddle thrombus

What can FATE cause?

rear leg paralysis